农村卫生人才发展影响因素调查研究

Investigation and study on influencing factors of development of rural medical talents

目的探讨价值观、职业认知等多因素对农村卫生人才发展的影响和作用。方法于2020年5~6月,随机选取西安周边的临潼区、长安区和蓝田县下辖乡镇246名农村医师,对其价值观、职业认知、工作满意度、生活满意度及工作选择意向5个项目的50个条目进行问卷调查。结果农村医师的不同性别、年龄、学历和职称之间测评得分存在差异,其中,女性医师得分为(65.23±6.88)分,高于男性医师得分(60.10±5.43)分,两组比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。56岁以上医师各项目得分均明显高于年轻医师,工作满意度得分(88.65±12.17)分和工作选择意向得分(81.46±9.98)分,均高于35~55岁(61.55±7.71,59.35±5.33)分和34岁以下(50.55±8.39,45.32±8.37)分,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。本科以上学历医师的价值观和工作选择意向得分、中级职称的工作满意度及工作选择意向得分明显低于高中学历以下及无职称人员,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。相关性分析结果显示,价值观、职业认知、工作满意度、生活满意度及工作选择意向之间存在正相关关系(P<0.01)。多元线性回归分析结果表明,除了生活满意度(P>0.05),其他各项目对工作选择意向均有显著的影响(P<0.01)。结论应当重视价值观和职业认知的基础作用,加强改进措施以增强农村对卫生人才的吸引力。

Objective To explore the influence and effect of values,professional cognition and other factors on the development of rural medical talents.Methods 246 rural doctors were randomly selected from Lintong District,Chang'an District and Lantian County in Xi'an from May to June in 2020.A questionnaire survey was conducted with 50 items,mainly involving 5 aspects:values,career cognition,job satisfaction,life satisfaction and job choice intention.Results There were significant differences in the scores of rural doctors in different gender,age,educational background and professional titles.Among them,the score of the female doctors was(65.23±6.88),which was higher than that of the male doctors(60.10±5.43).The difference between the two groups was statistically significant(P<0.05).The scores of all items were significantly higher in the doctors over 56 years old than those in the young doctors.The scores of job satisfaction(88.65±12.17)and job choice intention(81.46±9.98)were higher than those of the 35-55 years old(61.55±7.71,59.35±5.3)and those under 34 years old(50.55±8.39,45.32±8.37),with statistically significant differences(P<0.01).The scores of values and job choice intention of the doctors with bachelor's degree or above,job satisfaction and job choice intention of the doctors with intermediate professional titles were significantly lower than those of the doctors with junior high school education and without professional titles,and the differences were statistically significant(P<0.01).The results of correlation analysis showed that there was a positive correlation between values,career cognition,job satisfaction,life satisfaction and job choice intention(P<0.01).The multiple linear regression analysis showed that except life satisfaction(P>0.05),other items had a significant impact on job choice intention(P<0.01).Conclusion Attention should be paid to the basic role of values and professional cognition,and improvement measures should be strengthened to enhance the attraction of rural areas to medical talents.