居家自我护理行为干预对季节性过敏性鼻炎患者自我效能感及自护能力的影响

Effect of home self-care behavior intervention on self-efficacy and self-care ability of patients with seasonal allergic rhinitis

目的探讨居家自我护理行为干预对季节性过敏性鼻炎患者自我效能感及自护能力的影响。方法将84例季节性过敏性鼻炎患者按照建档时间分为研究组与对照组,各42例。两组均给予常规护理干预,研究组在此基础上给予居家自我护理行为干预,观察3个月。干预前后采用我院自制季节性过敏性鼻炎相关知识调查问卷评定两组患者疾病知识了解程度,采用焦虑自评量表、抑郁自评量表评定两组焦虑、抑郁状况,一般自我效能感量表评定自我效能水平,自护能力测定量表评定自护能力。随访1 a,比较两组复发情况。结果干预后两组焦虑自评量表及抑郁自评量表评分均较干预前显著降低(P<0.01),研究组较对照组下降更显著(P<0.01);两组疾病知识了解程度、一般自我效能感量表及自护能力测定量表评分均较干预前显著升高(P<0.01),研究组较对照组升高更显著(P<0.01)。研究组1 a复发率显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论居家自我护理行为干预可缓解季节性过敏性鼻炎患者的不良情绪,提高疾病知识了解程度、自我效能感及自护能力,降低复发率。

Objective To observe the effect of home self-care behavior intervention on self-efficacy and self-care ability of patients with seasonal allergic rhinitis(SAR).Methods A total of 84 patients with SAR were divided into study group and control group according to the filing time,42 cases in each group.Both groups were given routine nursing intervention,and the study group was given home self-care behavior intervention on the basis of this,and the observation lasted for 3 months.Before and after the intervention,the self-made questionnaire of SAR related knowledge was used to evaluate the disease knowledge of the two groups.The self-rating anxiety scale(SAS)and self-rating depression scale(SDS)were used to evaluate the anxiety and depression of the two groups,the General Self-Efficacy Scale(GSES)was used to evaluate the level of self-efficacy,and exercise of self-care agency scale(ESCA)was used to evaluate the self-care ability.The patients were followed up for 1 year,and the recurrence was compared between the two groups.Results After the intervention,the SAS and SDS scores of the two groups were significantly lower than those before the intervention(P<0.01),and the decrease of the study group was more significant than that of the control group(P<0.01).The disease knowledge,GSES and ESCA scores in the two groups were significantly higher than those before intervention(P<0.01),the increase in the study group was more significant than that in the control group(P<0.01).The one-year recurrence rate of the study group was significantly lower than that of the control group(P<0.05).Conclusions Home self-care behavior intervention can alleviate the bad mood of patients with seasonal allergic rhinitis,improve disease knowledge,self-efficacy and self-care ability,and reduce the recurrence rate.