PLA/PBS生物降解复合材料制备与性能研究

Study on Preparation and Property of PLA/PBS Biodegradable Composite Materials

利用可降解性高分子聚乳酸(PLA)及聚丁二酸丁二醇酯(PBS)制备PLA/PBS生物降解复合材料。通过添加紫外线吸收剂和受阻胺类光稳定剂,以模拟自然光源方法对材料进行加速室外老化测试,分析户外照明条件下复合纤维的使用寿命。研究了材料复合比例及双螺杆混炼工艺参数对PLA/PBS/Additives复合材料性能的影响,并探讨复合材料的耐候性、热性能及力学性能。结果表明,与纯PLA相比较,复合材料的弯曲强度仅降低了6.04%,而拉伸强度冲击强度分别提高了18.51%及32.73%,且经过960 h的紫外线加速老化试验,其拉伸强度保持率为95.72%,比纯PLA高45.56%。延伸率保持率为90.14%,比纯PLA高33.95%。其次,将该复合材料通过激光熔融静电纺丝法取得初生纤维,利用反应曲面法建立回归模型,结合多目标粒子群算法针对模型及工艺参数做优化处理。结果表明,该复合材料的纤维强度相较于同为生物可分解材料的PLA/PBS/Additives复合材料,其纤维强度和断裂伸长率分别提升了52.8%和26.08%。

The biodegradable polylactic acid(PLA)/polybutylene succinate(PBS)biodegradable composite material was prepared by using the degradable PLA and PBS material.The material was subjected to accelerate outdoor weathering tests by simulating natural light source method, the service life of the composite fiber was analyzed by adding UV absorbers and hindered amine light stabilizers.The properties of PLA/PBS/Additives modified of the weather fastness, the thermal properties and mechanical properties were discussed by studying the effects of the material compound proportion and twin-screw mixing process parameters on PLA/PBS/Additives composites.Comparing with pure PLA,the results suggest that Taguchi method and the principal component analysis can improve the bending strength by 6.04%,the tensile strength by 18.51%and the impact strength by 32.73%.Finally, after 960 h of UV aging acceleration test, the tensile strength and extension maintain rate is 95.72%and 90.14%,which is higher than the PLA by 45.56%and 33.95%,respectively.In addition, these composites are made into the original fiber obtained by laser melting electrostatic spinning method, and the response surface methodology is applied to establish the regression models of different quality characteristics before using the multiobjective particle swarm algorithm to the optimization processing of these quality characteristic models and parameter constraints.The experimental results show that the optimization of PLA/PBS/Additives composites fiber compared with PLA/PCL/Additives composites, the fiber strength and elongation increase by 52.8%and 26.08%,respectively.