不同粒度八棱柱形纳米铜的制备研究

Study on preparation of octagonal prismatic nano-copper with different particle sizes

纳米铜具有优异的导电、催化、润滑、抗菌等性能,而这些性能和应用范围均与其形貌和粒度有关。八棱柱形纳米铜很有可能具有一些特殊的性能和用途,而关于不同粒度八棱柱形纳米铜的制备研究还未见报道。采用水热法,以二水合氯化铜(CuCl_(2)·2H_(2)O)为铜源,以十八胺(ODA)为还原剂,研究了八棱柱形纳米铜的制备。考察了反应物浓度、反应温度、反应时间等条件对纳米铜的八棱柱形貌及尺寸的影响。讨论了八棱柱形纳米铜的形成机理。结果表明,八棱柱形纳米铜的制备是相当困难的,只有采用具有形貌和粒度控制作用的还原剂十八胺,并严格控制实验条件,才能制备出不同粒度的八棱柱形纳米铜。制备八棱柱形纳米铜的最佳条件:十八胺与氯化铜的浓度比为(2~3)∶1,反应温度为180℃,反应时间为48 h。八棱柱形纳米铜的形成机理可归因于十八胺对纳米铜{100}晶面的选择性吸附。八棱柱形纳米铜的粒度随着十八胺浓度的增加而增大,通过控制十八胺的浓度可实现不同粒度八棱柱形纳米铜的可控制备,并且发现十八胺具有还原、形貌控制和粒度控制三重作用。这些结果可为制备八棱柱形其他金属纳米材料提供重要参考。

Nano-copper has excellent conductivity,catalysis,lubrication,antibacterial performances and so on.These properties and application range are related to their morphology and particle size.The octagonal prismatic nano-copper may have some special properties and applications,but the preparation of octagonal prismatic nano-copper with different particle size has not been reported.The preparation of octagonal prismatic nano-copper was studied by hydrothermal method with CuCl_(2)·2 H_(2) O as copper source and octadecylamine(ODA)as reducing agent.The effects of reactant concentration,reaction temperature and reaction time on the morphology and size of octagonal prismatic nano-copper were investigated.The formation mechanism of octagonal prismatic nano-copper was discussed.The results showed that it was very difficult to prepare the octagonal prismatic nano-copper.Only by using the reducing agent(octadecylamine)with the function of shape control and size control and strictly controlling the experimental conditions,the octagonal prismatic nano-copper with different particle sizes could be prepared.The optimal conditions for the preparation of the octagonal prismatic nano-copper by hydrothermal method were:c(ODA)∶c(CuCl_(2))was(2~3)∶1,the reaction temperature was 180℃,and the reaction time was 48 h.The formation mechanism of the octagonal prismatic nano-copper could be attributed to selective adsorption of ODA toward the{100}facets.With the increase of ODA concentration,the size of the octagonal prismatic nano-copper increased.By controlling its concentration,the controllable preparation of octagonal prismatic nano-copper with different sizes could be realized.Moreover,it was found that ODA had three functions of reduction,shape control and size control.These results could provide important references for the preparation of other octagonal prismatic metal nanomaterials.