超声清洁可摘义齿的研究进展及其在失能患者中的应用

Research progress of ultrasonic cleaning of removable dentures and its application in vulnerable people

广义上可摘义齿包括可摘局部义齿、全口义齿、种植覆盖义齿等各种可摘戴义齿,由于义齿表面积大、材质与形态复杂,极易作为口腔微生物的储存库,形成复杂的义齿菌斑。尤其当佩戴这类义齿的老年缺牙患者因各种原因失能后常常发生义齿清洁维护不当,进而引起口臭、义齿性口炎、种植体周围炎等口腔疾病,甚至引发吸入性肺炎等全身健康问题,因此及时有效的义齿清洁对确保佩戴可摘义齿老年患者的健康极为重要。而超声清洁不依赖于手部技能,研究表明其通过水流振动,发泡作用去除微生物膜,对义齿表面几乎无伤害,特别是联合过氧化物、两性化合物等试剂,可有效降低义齿微生物残留量;也有研究表明超声清洁时使用温水优于冷水,持续15分钟可清除大部分义齿微生物。本文就各种参数条件对超声清洁效果影响做了系统梳理,总体上看联合清洁剂的超声振荡可作为个人或群体常规的可摘义齿清洁措施,尤其适用于失能人群聚集的疗养院、医疗机构,值得肯定推广。

In a broad sense,removable dentures include removable partial dentures,complete dentures,implant-supported overdentures,etc.Due to the large surface area,complex materials and shapes of dentures,they can easily serve as reservoirs for oral microbes and form complex denture plaques.Especially when denture-wear elders carry on improper cleaning and maintenance of dentures for being vulnerable with various reasons,which can lead to oral diseases such as bad breath,denture stomatitis,peri-implantitis,and even systemic problems such as aspiration pneumonia.Therefore,timely effective denture cleaning is extremely important to ensure the health of vulnerable patients who wear removable dentures.Ultrasonic cleaning does not depend on hand skills,and the studies have shown it can remove the biofilm through water vibration and foaming,which shows almost no harm to the denture,and especially the combination of peroxides,amphoteric compounds and other reagents can effectively reduce the amount of microorganisms residues on the denture.Studies have also shown that the use of warm water for ultrasonic cleaning is better than cold water while ultrasonic cleaning can remove most of the denture microorganisms in 15 minutes.This article has made a comprehensive review of the influence of various parameters on the cleaning effect.In general,the ultrasonic vibration combined cleaner can be used as a routine cleaning measure for individuals or groups of removable dentures.It is especially suitable for nursing homes and medical institutions where vulnerable people gather,which is worthy of affirmative promotion.