党参种植适宜性研究

Study on Planting Suitability of Codonopsis Radix

目的通过种植适宜性研究,明确党参药材适宜种植区域,以优化产业布局。方法基于最大熵模型和地理信息系统(GIS)开展中国不同基原药用党参种植适宜性区划和评价。根据实地调查及查阅资料,收集3种药用基原的党参地理分布数据,利用最大熵模型与GIS技术,结合55个气候环境因子空间网格数据,预测适宜种植区域并进行等级划分。结果降水量和海拔是影响3种基原药用党参种植适宜性的主要生态因子。党参适合种植在海拔900~3400 m、9月降水量为50~175 mm地区;川党参适合种植在海拔700~3000 m、9月降水量为100~280mm且具有一定坡度的地区;素花党参适合种植于海拔1000~3700m、4月降水量为45~125mm的地区。就地理空间分布而言,3种基原的药用党参适宜种植区域主要集中于甘肃、陕西、四川和山西4省,但不同基原适宜种植区域在地理分布上存在空间差异。其中,党参最适合种植于陕西大部分地区、甘肃及山西南部,川党参适合种植于四川、重庆与山西交界处,素花党参的最适宜种植区则集中于甘肃和陕西南部地区;另外,云南、青海、河南及河北等地虽也有适合种植的品种,但分布面积较小。结论药用党参3种基原的适宜种植区域在地理分布上存在空间差异,引种栽培和种植规划时需对品种进行区分。

Objective To determine the suitable planting areas of Codonopsis Radix;To optimize the industrial layout. Methods Based on maximum entropy model and geographic information system(GIS), the planting suitability zoning and evaluation of Codonopsis Radix from different bases in China were carried out. According to the field investigation and consulting data, the geographical distribution data of Codonopsis Radix from three medicinal origins were collected, and the suitable planting areas were predicted and graded by using the maximum entropy model and GIS technology combined with the spatial grid data of 55 climatic and environmental factors. Results Rainfall and altitude were the main ecological factors affecting the planting suitability of Codonopsis Radix. Codonopsis pilosula is suitable for planting in areas with altitude of 900–3400 m and precipitation of 50–175 mm in September. Codonopsis tangshen Oliv. is suitable for planting in areas with altitude of 700–3000 m, precipitation of 100–280 mm in September and certain slope. Codonopsis pilosula Nannf. var. modesta(Nannf.) L. T. Shen is suitable for planting in areas with an altitude of 1000–3700 m and a precipitation of 45–125 mm in April. As far as the geographical spatial distribution is concerned, the suitable planting areas of the three medicinal origins of Codonopsis Radix are mainly concentrated in Gansu, Shaanxi, Sichuan and Shanxi provinces, but there are spatial differences in the geographical distribution of the suitable planting areas of different roots. Among them, Codonopsis pilosula is most suitable for planting in most areas of Shaanxi, Gansu and southwestern Shanxi;Codonopsis tangshen is suitable for planting at the junction of Sichuan, Chongqing and Shanxi;the most suitable planting areas of Codonopsis pilosula Nannf. Var. modesta(Nannf.) L. T. Shen concentrated in Gansu and southwestern Shaanxi. In addition, Yunnan, Qinghai, Henan and Hebei also have varieties suitable for planting, but the distribution area is small. Conclusion There are spatial differences in the geographical distribution of the suitable planting areas of the three kinds of Codonopsis Radix. It is necessary to distinguish the varieties in the introduction, cultivation and planting planning.