我国核安全技术发展战略研究

Development Strategy of Nuclear Safety Technology in China

核安全是国家安全体系的重要组成部分,是发展核事业的前提、基础和生命线。先进可靠的核安全技术是保持并提高本质安全的基石,开展核安全技术战略研究对于建设核科技强国意义重大。本文采用“总–分–凝–综”的思路,通过院士访谈、实地调研、会议研讨、资料调研等多种途径,对我国核安全技术体系展开深入研究。结果表明:在总体国家安全观和核安全观的指引下,近年来我国核安全技术进展明显,核安全业绩良好;但也面临核安全标准体系建设有待深化、核安全软件研发统筹不足、核安全高精尖装备受制于人等瓶颈问题。为持续推进核安全治理体系与治理能力现代化,实现核大国向核强国的历史性跨越,建议进一步完善核安全标准体系;统筹资源、集中攻关,推进自主化核安全软件高质量发展;强化“政产学研用”结合,解决高端核安全装备“卡脖子”问题。

Nuclear safety is a key component of the national security system,and it is the foundation and lifeline of the nuclear industry.Advanced and reliable nuclear safety technology is crucial for maintaining and improving intrinsic safety.Therefore,conducting strategic research on nuclear safety technologies is important for enhancing the nuclear industry in China.In this article,we conduct an in-depth research on China’s nuclear safety technology system using methods including academician interviews,field surveys,conference discussion,and literature review.The results show that,guiding by the overall national security and the nuclear safety concepts,China’s nuclear safety technology has made significant progress in recent years and its nuclear safety performance is good.However,China’s nuclear safety technology system still face several bottleneck problems.For example,the nuclear safety standards system needs improvement,the overall planning of nuclear safety software research and development is insufficient,and the precision and advanced nuclear safety equipment still depends on foreign countries.To continuously modernize the nuclear safety governance system and governance capacities and strengthen China’s nuclear industry,several suggestions are proposed.First,the nuclear safety standards system should be further improved.Second,independent nuclear safety software with high quality should be promoted by coordinating scientific research resources to tackle key problems.Third,government,industry,university,research,and application need to be coordinated to research and develop high-end nuclear safety equipment.