论伯纳德·威廉斯的古希腊羞耻观

On Bernard Williams’View of Shame in Ancient Greece

伯纳德·威廉斯从文学作品尤其是古希腊悲剧中抽取强有力的洞见来发展他的道德哲学思想,强调人类价值的异质性和情感在人类选择中的重要作用,抵御功利主义和康德理性主义的影响。威廉斯以古希腊悲剧为文本,使羞耻概念具有自我性、他者性和交互性。羞耻介于伦理和生活之间,揭示威廉斯的文学哲学观。

Bernard Williams developed his moral philosophy by drawing powerful insights from literary works,especially ancient Greek tragedies,and emphasized the heterogeneity of human value and the important role of emotion in human choice,to resist the influence of utilitarianism and Kantian rationalism.Taking ancient Greek tragedy as his text,Williams made the concept of shame have the characteristics of self,other and interactivity.Shame lies between ethics and life,which reveals Williams’literary philosophy.