舞蹈活动对老年人负性情绪康复效果的系统综述

Effects of Dance Activity on Negative Emotion in Older Adults: A Systematic Review

目的探讨舞蹈活动对老年人负性情绪的康复效果,厘清舞蹈活动与老年人负性情绪改善的量效关系,完善和发展老年人的情绪健康服务体系。方法采用主题词检索方法,在PubMed、Web of Science、EBSCO、Cochrane图书馆、中国知网、维普和万方数据库,检索舞蹈活动影响老年人负性情绪的相关文献,发表时间为建库至2020年12月31日。经筛选从文献中提取作者、国家、发表时间、研究对象、研究方法、干预过程、测量工具和结局指标,并采用PEDro量表进行方法学质量评价。结果共检索文献672篇,最终纳入12篇,来自10个国家,主要来源于临床医学、运动康复、心理治疗、老年病等相关期刊,PEDro量表平均得分为5.58。研究设计包括随机对照试验(RCT)、准实验设计和前后测设计,研究对象包括健康老年人和老年病患者。老年人参与的舞蹈活动主要包括社交舞蹈、休闲舞蹈、民俗舞蹈和舞动治疗四种类型,其中休闲舞蹈和民俗舞蹈是老年人情绪康复的主要干预手段;舞蹈活动对老年人负性情绪的促进效益主要表现为改善焦虑、抑郁水平,以及缓解痛苦和紧张不安等方面,其中对抑郁和焦虑的康复效果最为明显;舞蹈活动的强度、频率和持续时间等是影响老年人情绪康复效果的主要因素,需要更为严格的RCT设计进行验证;社区是老年人参与舞蹈活动的主要场所,将舞蹈活动融入社区康复服务体系,有助于老年人的情绪调适和心理健康。结论长期坚持参与舞蹈活动,能够改善老年人的焦虑、抑郁水平,缓解痛苦、紧张等负性情绪。舞蹈活动对老年人的情绪康复效果受舞蹈类型和开展方式,活动强度和持续时间,以及活动实施场所等中介变量的影响。

Objective To explore the rehabilitation effects of dance activity on negative emotion in older adults,and clarify the multiple factors that determine the dose-effect of emotional rehabilitation.Methods The electronic databases of PubMed,Web of Science,EBSCO,Cochrane Library,CNKI,VIP and Wanfang data were searched from inception to December 31,2020.The authors,countries,years,samples,study designs,interventions,measurement instruments and outcomes were extracted.The PEDro scale was used to assess the methodological quality of included literatures.Results A total of 672 studies were retuned,out of which twelve were selected including 808 individuals.These studies were published in ten countries,and most in journals related to clinical medicine,exercise rehabilitation,psychotherapy and gerontology.Study designs included randomized controlled trial(RCT),quasi-experimental study and pre-post study.The mean PEDro score was 5.58.There were four types of dance activity,including social dance,dance movement therapy,leisure dance and folk dance.The latter two types were the main rehabilitation interventions.Dance was found to significantly reduce anxiety and depression levels,as well as distress and stress in older adults.Effect of dance activity on negative emotion in older adults was related to intensity,frequency and duration variables,and needed more researches with well-controlled designs,standardized assessments and longitudinal follow-ups.Community was the primary field for the elderly to participate in dance activities.Integrating dance activities into the community rehabilitation service system might contribute to their emotional adjustment and mental health.Conclusion Dance activity is feasible and effective to alleviate negative emotion,promote psychological healthy and improve quality of life for older adults.