电动飞机气动焦点辨识及飞行试验研究

Research on Aerodynamic Center Identification and Flight Test of Electric Aircraft

电动飞机作为未来绿色航空的发展方向,引起了各国的广泛关注。电动飞机大多采用大展弦比气动布局,在飞行中机翼弹性变形较大,风洞试验测试的焦点结果不能较好地反映实际飞行要求。为了确定轻型电动飞机的重心范围以及得到飞行中准确的焦点位置,以某型碳纤维复合材料电动飞机为例,建立定常直线平飞和定常盘旋机动飞行的数学模型;基于盘旋机动飞行试验获得测试数据,采用物理解算法辨识得到实际飞行的焦点,并与风洞试验测得的焦点位置进行对比。结果表明:盘旋机动飞行试验辨识的飞机焦点位置要比风洞试验的结果靠前;对于展弦比较大且采用大量复合材料的电动飞机而言,在飞行过程中实际焦点位置与风洞试验结果有一定的差距,采用物理解算法辨识得到的焦点位置更接近于实际状态。

As the future development direction of green aviation,electric aircraft has attracted wide attention from various countries.Most electric airplanes adopt a large aspect ratio aerodynamic layout,and the wings deform elasti⁃cally during flight.The results of the wind tunnel test cannot reflect the actual flight requirements well.This article is to determine the center of gravity range of light electric aircraft and get the accurate aerodynamic center position in flight.Taking a certain type of carbon fiber composite material electric aircraft as an example,a mathematical model of steady straight and level flight and steady circling maneuvering flight is established.Based on the test data obtained from the circling maneuver flight test,the physical algorithm is used to identify the actual aerodynamic cen⁃ter and compare it with the center position measured by the wind tunnel experiment.The results show that the aero⁃dynamic center position of the aircraft identified by the circling maneuver flight test is higher than the result of the wind tunnel test.In other words,for the electric aircraft with large aspect ratio and using a large number of compos⁃ite materials,the actual aerodynamic center position in the flight process is different from the wind tunnel test re⁃sults,and the center position identified by the physical solution algorithm is closer to the actual state.