洛克哲学中“观念”的影像论性质问题

The Issue of the Imagist Nature of Locke’s Ideas

关于洛克哲学中“观念”的性质,存在着影像论和理智论两种尖锐对立的解读。以艾尔斯为代表的影像论解读者认为,洛克的观念都是纯粹的感觉或影像,其中不包含理智性质的观念;以韦伯为代表的理智论解读者认为,在洛克哲学中,理智也是观念的重要来源,洛克的观念不但包括感觉和影像,而且包括大量理智性质的观念。如何解决洛克哲学中观念的影像论性质问题?本文认为,影像论和理智论两种解读立场的对立是裂解洛克哲学体系的产物。实际上,两种解读立场都片面放大了洛克哲学体系的某一个方面。洛克主张的是观念的感觉来源论。在观念性质问题上,该种来源论并不必然支持影像论解读,也并不必然排斥理智论解读。

As for the nature of Locke’s ideas,there are two opposite interpretations of imagism and intellectualism.Imagist interpreters represented by Michael Ayers think that Locke’s ideas are all pure sensations or images,which do not contain the intellectual ideas;Intellectualist interpreters represented by Thomas E.Webb think that in Locke’s philosophy,intellect is also an important source of ideas,and Locke’s ideas include not only sensations and images,but also a large number of intellectual ideas.How to solve the problem of imagism in Locke’s philosophy?This paper holds that the opposition between the views of imagism and intellectualism is the result of the split of Locke’s philosophical system.In fact,both of them enlarge one aspect of Locke’s philosophy.Locke advocated the sensual source theory of ideas.In terms of the nature of ideas,this kind of source theory does not necessarily support the interpretation of imagism,nor necessarily exclude the interpretation of intellectualism.