2018—2019年新疆流感流行病学特征及抗原性分析

Analysis on epidemiological characteristics and antigenicity of influenza in Xinjiang from 2018-2019

目的探讨新疆流行性感冒流行特征及抗原性分析,为流感防控工作提供科学依据。方法通过国家流感监测信息系统,对2018年4月—2019年3月新疆地区流感监测资料进行流行病学分析以及对MDCK细胞分离出的90株甲型H1N1流感病毒进行血凝抑制试验检测其抗原性。结果 2018年4月—2019年3月全区累计报告流感样病例(ILI)124 528例,流感样病例就诊百分比(ILI%)为3.55%,各月份ILI%的差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=13 593.186,P<0.01),且ILI%有明显的季节性。ILI例数占据前2位的是<5岁组和<15岁组。抗原分析结果显示,与标准株A/Michigan/45/2015(H1N1)pdm09相比,血凝抑制效价(HI)均在1∶320以内。结论新疆地区秋冬和春季是新甲H1的流行季节,春季是季节性H3和乙型流感病毒的流行季节,15岁以下人群是高危人群,流感疫苗对本地区甲型H1N1流感流行具有较好的预防作用。

Objective To explore the epidemiological characteristics and antigenicity of influenza in Xinjiang, provide scientific basis for the prevention and control of influenza. Methods Through the national influenza surveillance information system, the epidemiological analysis was conducted on the influenza surveillance data from April 2018 to March 2019 in Xinjiang, and 90 influenza A(H1N1) strains isolated from MDCK cells were tested for their antigenicity by hemagglutinin inhibition test. Results A total of 124 528 influenza-like illness(ILI) were reported from April 2018 to March 2019, with visiting rate of ILI of 3.55%. The difference in ILI% was statistically significant among different months(χ^(2)=13 593.186, P<0.01), and the ILI% had significant seasonality. The top two age groups with most ILI cases were <5 years old group and <15 years old group. Antigen analysis results showed that the hemagglutination inhibition titer(HI) was within 1∶320 as compared with standard strain A/Michigan/45/2015(H1 N1) pdm 09.Conclusion Autumn-winter and spring are the epidemic seasons of influenza A(H1 N1) in Xinjiang region, while spring is the epidemic season of seasonal H3 and influenza B. People under 15 years old are the high-risk group.Influenza vaccine has a good prevention effect on the epidemic of influenza A(H1 N1) in this region.