中国近20年小儿烧伤流行病学的系统性评价

A Systematic Review with Epidemiology of Pediatric Burn Patients for Last 20 Years in China

目的:对中国近20年小儿烧伤流行病学文献进行系统性评价。方法:通过计算机检索中国生物医学文献数据库、中国全文期刊数据库中文数据库和Pub Med英文数据库,收集自1999年1月~2019年12月公开发表的中英文文献,并进行纳入选择。共68篇文献入选,两名系统评价员共同完成提取工作,从文献中提取的资料内容包括:儿童患者比例、性别和年龄分配;致伤原因;受伤时间;受伤地点;严重程度;受伤部位;病死率;监护人的文化程度;院前急救;居住地点。数据进行描述性分析,不进行数据合并。结果:小儿烧伤占同期烧伤住院人数的比例范围为23.1%~61.0%;男女性别比为1.14:1~2.53:1;婴幼儿年龄段所占比例最高;热液烫伤是小儿烧伤的主要原因;小儿烧伤的季节报道不一致;伤害发生地点室内发生占了大多数;小儿轻中度烧伤占比例最大;烧伤部位上,四肢>躯干>头面颈部>会阴部;小儿烧伤病死率为0.13%~6.29%;小儿监护人文化水平初中及以下者占大多数;院前正规的处理所占比例较小;小儿烧伤受伤的居住地点上,农村大于城市。结论:中国小儿烧伤流行病学的系统性评价可以描述小儿烧伤的流行病学特征,对小儿烧伤的预防具有重要作用。

Objective:To carry out a systematic review with the epidemiology literature of the pediatric burn patients for the last 20 years in China.Methods:The China Biomedical Disk Database,China Journal Full-Text Database and PubMed Database were searched for articles reporting data on epidemiology of pediatric burn patients from January 1999 to December 2019.Sixty-eight articles met the inclusion criteria.For each study included,2 investigators independently extracted the data by using a standard form and included the percentage of patients with burn injury who were children,gender and distribution of age;reasons for burn;distribution of time;place of injury;severity of burn;anatomical sites of burn;mortality;educational level of the guardian;pre-hospital care;type of residential area.These data were extracted and a retrospective statistical description was performed without data merge.Results:Of the pediatric patients studied,the proportion of children with burn injury ranged from 23.1%to 61.0%,and the male/female ratio ranged from 1.14:1 to 2.53:1.The ratio of children aged from 1 year to 3 years was the biggest.The most common reason of burn was the hot liquid.The distribution of time was not clear.The most place of injury was indoor.The most common severity of burn were mild or moderate.Most articles reported the sequence of the anatomical sites of burn as extremities>trunk>head,face and neck>perineum.The mortality rate ranged from 0.13%to 6.29%.The majority of educational level of the guardian was junior middle school and below.The correct pre-hospital care had a lesser proportion.The majority type of residential area was rural.Conclusions:The systematic review with the epidemiology literature of the pediatric burn patients for the last 20 years in China can describe the characteristic of the epidemiology of the pediatric burns requiring hospitalization,which is important to the prevention of child burn.