长三角民用机场体系位序-规模分布及其作用机制

The Rank-size Distribution of Civil Airport System and Its Mechanism in the Yangtze River Delta

运用位序-规模法则,以1990—2019年长三角各民用机场客货运吞吐量为基础数据,对长三角民用机场位序-规模分布特征进行探讨,然后结合核密度估计方法对其作用机制进行分析,结果表明:长三角民用机场体系总体呈现明显的位序-规模分布特征,在不同阶段,不同机场位序-规模出现明显分化;基于客运的机场体系经历高度集中化、机场体系重大调整、大中小型机场差异化发展和各机场融合发展4个阶段,而基于货邮的机场体系经历了大型机场主导、新兴小型机场缓慢发育、中小型机场自我突破和大中小型机场差异化发展4个阶段;长三角民用机场体系位序-规模分布作用机制主要表现为经济发展是机场规模扩大的根本动力,政府政策是机场建设发展的重要支撑,综合交通完善对小型机场发展带来冲击,客货航空业务差异使机场体系内部竞争与融合并存4个方面。

The rank-size rule was adopted in this paper to analyze rank-size distribution characteristics of the civil airports in the Yangtze River Delta based on the data of passenger and cargo throughput during 1990-2019, and then combining with the kernel density method, its mechanism of rank-size distribution characteristics of the civil airports in the Yangtze River Delta. The results indicate that: The civil airport system at the Yangtze Delta region shows characteristics of rank-size distribution, with significant differentiation in terms of the rank-size distribution of ports and scales. Then, the number of scale-free areas increases at first and then decreases based on the rank-size distribution of passengers throughput of civil airports. The civil airport system has gone through four stages: highly centralized distribution, emerging airport development, differentiated development of large, medium and small airports and integrated development of airports, while the change trajectory of the rank-size distribution based on cargo throughput has gone through four stages: dominance of large airports, slow development of new small airports, self-breakthrough of small and medium-sized airports and differential development of small and medium-sized airports. Then there are four characteristics of the civil airport system rank-size evolution in the Yangtze Delta region, that is, the level of economic development is the fundamental driving force of airport expansion;government policy is the considerable support for the construction and development of airport;the improvement of comprehensive traffic brings impact on the development of small airports;the difference between aviation business of air passengers and cargos results in internal competition and integration within airport system.