治生视域下《红楼梦》中的文人生态

The Living Conditions of the Literati in Dream of the Red Chamber from the Perspective of Making a Living

《红楼梦》虽不以文人为主要描摹主体,但小说中却描写了一些未仕文人形象,如贾雨村、贾代儒以及贾府中的"清客""幕客"等。《红楼梦》所描写的这类文人,多是寒士,他们因生计所迫,不得不参与治生。部分文人通过治生,夤缘求进,走上仕途。小说情节和文献记载多有互文之处,揭示了清初中期未仕文人的生存样态。

Although the classic novel Dream of the Red Chamber did not take the description of the literati as the main subject, the figures of some non-official literati were recounted in the novel, such as Jia Yucun, Jia Daiyu as well as those"proteges"and"advisors"in the chamber of Family Jia. These kinds of literati in the novel were primarily poor and they were forced to make a living. Part of them became officials by making a living and seeking advancement. The details of these circumstances in the novel can be verified in the documented records, illustrating the living conditions of the non-official literati in the early and middle periods of the Qing Dynasty.