《程寤》与周文王、武王受命

Cheng Wu and the Appointment of King Wen and King Wu in the Zhou Dynasty

利用出土文献、传世文献,可以揭示周文王与武王受命的由来、《程寤》中的象征与文武受命、文武受命的真实性问题。关于周文王、武王受命的由来,《程寤》记载的文王、武王因太姒之梦而受命是原初的,而《诗经·绵》记载的"虞芮质厥成,文王蹶厥生"是衍生的。周人三世结仇怨于商,商周关系呈现尖锐对立的状态。西伯昌被商王囚七年才获释,在意识到商周势不两立的情形下图谋灭商。于是,西伯昌、太子发、太姒联合创作了"文武受命"。《程寤》太姒梦"商庭生棘"象征商亡,梦周"梓化为松柏棫"象征周代商而兴,周人要受商命于皇上帝,是为"文武受命"。

Using unearthed and handed-down documents, this paper reveals the origin of the appointment of King Wen and King Wu in the Zhou Dynasty, the symbolization of them in Cheng Wu(程寤), as well as the authenticity of their appointment. Concerning the origin of the appointment of King Wen and King Wu in the Zhou Dynasty, the records in Cheng Wu, that King Wen and King Wu were appointed because of Taisi’s(太姒) dream, were primitive. However,the records of the"yu rui zhi jue cheng, wen wang jue jue sheng"(虞芮质厥成, 文王蹶厥生) in Mian(绵) in The Book of Songs(诗经) were derived. The third generation of the Zhou people had a feud against the Shang Dynasty, and the relationship between the Shang and Zhou dynasties displayed sharp opposition. Xibochang(西伯昌) was imprisoned by the King of Shang for seven years before he was released. He attempted to overthrow the Shang Dynasty when he realized that the conflict between the Shang and Zhou dynasties could not be reconciled. Therefore, Xibochang, Prince Fa(太子发) and Taisi collaborated to"appoint King Wen and King Wu". In Cheng Wu, Taisi’s dream of"shang ting sheng ji"(商庭生棘) symbolized the death of the Shang Dynasty, and the Zhou dream of"xi hua wei song bo yu"(梓化为松柏棫) symbolized the flourishment of the Zhou Dynasty. Meanwhile, the people of the Zhou Dynasty were decreed that"King Wen and King Wu of the Zhou Dynasty were appointed"by the Emperor and God.