凉山州受艾滋病影响彝族青少年社交焦虑现状及影响因素

The Status quo and Influencing Factors of the social anxiety among Yi teenagers affected by HIV/AIDS in Liangshan,Sichuan

目的了解凉山州受艾滋病影响彝族青少年的社交焦虑现状,探究社交焦虑的影响因素,为降低受艾滋病影响彝族青少年的社交焦虑提供理论依据。方法采用一般情况调查问卷、社交焦虑问卷、社会支持量表、孤独感量表对435名受艾滋病影响彝族青少年进行问卷调查。采用t检验、方差分析、Pearson相关分析、分层线性回归分析对该人群的社交焦虑现状进行单因素和多因素分析。结果社交焦虑的总分为(8.40±3.66)分,社交回避及苦恼得分(3.15±1.63)分和害怕否定评价得分(5.32±2.64)分,显著高于常模;该人群社交焦虑检出率为57.9%,其中男生和女生社交焦虑检出率分别为55.5%和61.2%。分层线性回归分析结果显示,孤独感是社交焦虑的主要影响因素,对社交焦虑有显著的正向预测作用(β=-0.28,P<0.01,ΔR2=10.3%),社会支持对社交焦虑有负向预测作用(β=-0.18,P<0.01,ΔR2=5.2%),消极应对方式对社交焦虑水平有正向预测作用(β=-0.23,P<0.01,ΔR2=4.4%)。结论凉山州受艾滋病影响彝族青少年的社交焦虑水平较高,孤独感、社会支持与消极应对方式是其社交焦虑水平的主要影响因素。在未来针对该人群的社交焦虑干预时,应重点关注孤独感水平、社会支持以及应对方式,采取针对性的措施降低其社交焦虑水平,进而提高其心理健康水平。

Objective To investigate the social anxiety status of Yi adolescents affected by AIDS in Liangshan and analyze the influencing factors to provide the theoretical basis for reducing the social anxiety of Yi adolescents affected by AIDS.Methods 435 Yi adolescents affected by AIDS were investigated with demography questionnaire,Social Anxiety Scale for Children,Coping Style Scale for Secondary School Students,Social Support Rate Scale,and UCLA Loneliness Scale.T-test,ANOVA,Pearson correlation analysis,and hierarchical linear regression analysis were used to analyze social anxiety status.Results The overall level of social anxiety of Yi adolescents affected by AIDS was higher(8.40±3.66),the detection rate was 57.9%.The detection rates of social anxiety in boys and girls were 55.5%and 61.2%,respectively.The hierarchical linear regression analysis results showed that loneliness significantly influenced the positive predictive effects on social anxiety(β=-0.28,P<0.01,ΔR2=10.3%).However,social support presented a negative predictive impact(β=-0.18,P<0.01,ΔR2=5.2%)but negative coping style showing a positive predictive effect on social anxiety(β=-0.23,P<0.01,ΔR2=4.4%).Conclusion The social anxiety level of Yi adolescents affected by AIDS,was high in Liangshan,and factors as loneliness,social support,and coping style were the main influencing factors.We should include social support in the targeted social anxiety interventions strategy for Yi adolescents affected by AIDS,reduce social anxiety,and improve mental health.