美国得州“2.15”停电事件分析及启示

Analysis and Lessons of Texas Power Outage Event on February 15,2021

2021年2月15日,美国得州电网发生停电事件。事件造成得州大部分区域停电,影响用户数超过480万。该文首先介绍得州电力系统概况。然后根据官方发布的报告梳理停电事件的过程,指出电力负荷激增、电源出力骤降、外部支援能力弱造成的电力供需不平衡是事件的直接原因,能源供应基础设施抵御极寒天气能力弱、市场机制下基础设施投资改造意愿不强是事件的深层次原因。最后结合我国电力系统实际,提出能源基础设施建设、电力设备耐受能力、电网互济能力、宏观调控与市场化、重要用户保障、极端天气应对能力和新技术研究等方面的启示。

On February 15,2021,the Texas power grid suffered a power outage.The event caused blackouts across much of Texas,and affected more than 4.8 million customers.The general situation of the Texas power system was introduced.The process and reason of the event were analyzed according to the official report.It was pointed out that the immediate reason for the event was the imbalance between supply and demand caused by the sharp increase of power load,the sharp decline of generation,and the weak external power support;and the deep reasons for the event were the weak ability of energy supply infrastructure withstanding extreme cold weather and the weak willingness of infrastructure investment and renovation under the market mechanism.Combined with the reality of China’s power system,some suggestions for preventing such an event were presented,including energy infrastructure construction,power equipment tolerance,mutual support ability of the power grid,macro control and marketization,power protection for important customers,extreme weather coping capabilities and new technology research.