超声诊断颈动脉易损斑块形成的影响因素分析

Analysis of influence factors for ultrasonic diagnosis of carotid artery vulnerable plaque formation

目的观察超声检查对缺血性脑卒中(CIS)患者颈动脉易损斑块的检查情况,并分析易损斑块形成的危险因素。方法选取2019年8月至2020年12月在合肥市第二人民医院接受治疗的256例CIS患者的病历资料。采用超声检查对256例CIS患者进行检查,观察斑块基本情况,采用单因素和多因素Logistic回归方程分析CIS患者易损斑块形成的危险因素。结果256例CIS患者中,无斑块者28例,有斑块者228例,有斑块者中至少有1个易损斑块者为易损斑块组(n=155),其他则为稳定组(n=73),有易损性斑块的CIS患者多于无易损斑块的CIS患者。易损斑块组与稳定组CIS患者首发年龄、高血压史、吸烟史及甘油三酯(TG)、总胆固醇(TC)、低密度脂蛋白(LDL)、高密度脂蛋白(HDL)水平比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01)。TG、LDL高水平和首发年龄>60岁均为CIS患者易损斑块形成的危险因素。结论CIS患者多数伴发斑块,且易损斑块比例较高,TG、LDL高水平和首发年龄>60岁均是易损斑块形成的危险因素。

Objective To observe the ultrasound examination of carotid artery vulnerable plaque in cerebral ischemic stroke(CIS)patients and analyze the risk factors of vulnerable plaque formation.Method A total of 256 cases of CIS patients treated in the Second People’s Hospital of Hefei from August 2019 to December 2020 were selected.Ultrasound examination was used to examine 256 patients with CIS,the primary condition of plaque were observed,and the risk factors of CIS vulnerable plaque formation were also analyzed by single factor and multi-factor Logistic regression analysis.Result Among 256 patients with CIS,28 had no plaques,228 had plaques.Those with at least one vulnerable plaque were classified as vulnerable plaque group(n=155),and the others were set as the stable group(n=73);there were more CIS patients with vulnerable plaques than those without vulnerable plaques.Items including age at first onset of symptom,history of hypertension,history of smoking and triglyceride(TG),total cholesterol(TC),low density lipoprotein(LDL),and high density lipoprotein(HDL)levels were compared between vulnerable plaque group and stable group of CIS patients,the differences were statistically significant(P<0.01).High levels of TG and LDL and the age of first onset of symptom>60 years were risk factors for forming vulnerable plaque in CIS patients.Conclusion Most CIS patients had plaques,and the proportion of vulnerable plaque was relatively high.High levels of TG and LDL and the age of first onset of symptom>60 years are all risk factors for the formation of vulnerable plaques.