气凝胶材料的结构强化研究进展

Research Progress in Structure Strengthening of Aerogels

气凝胶材料被誉为"21世纪改变世界的神奇材料",其独特的超多孔结构使其具备众多优异特性,有着广泛的应用前景.然而,气凝胶材料自身结构的脆弱和繁琐的制备流程严重制约了其普及应用.本工作概述了气凝胶材料的发展现状,总结了气凝胶材料常用的几种结构强化策略,介绍了近年新出现的仿生强化、浓差诱导强化和微波烧结等工艺优化增强等方法,并展望了气凝胶材料的未来发展前景.

Aerogels are known as the“magic material to change the world in twenty-first century”.Because of its unique super porous structure,it has many excellent properties and wide application prospect in many fields.However,the mechanical brittleness and the cumbersome preparation process caused by the network structure of aerogels greatly hamper its widely application,which is a bottleneck problem in the aerogel field.The development status of aerogel materials is reviewed,and several structural strengthening strategies commonly used in aerogels are summarized.The classification and preparation of aerogels and the strategies for optimizing the structure and properties of aerogels are summarized.At the same time,the methods of optimization and enhancement in recent years such as biomimetic reinforcement,concentration induced hardening and microwave sintering are reviewed.Meanwhile,the prospect of aerogel is also forecasted.