马克思的现代国家观及其时代意义

Marx’s Modern State View and Its Significance

现代国家范畴不是"自由民主国家"的专用术语。马克思的现代国家观在历史观上坚持唯物史观,在方法论上坚持唯物辩证法,既揭示出现代国家的二重性,又阐明了现代国家的历史性及其基本类型。社会主义新型国家是否定和超越了资本主义国家而国家又尚未完全消亡时期的"半国家",以无产阶级彻底打碎传统国家机器、建立社会主义新型国家制度为前提,以生产资料社会所有为所有制基础,旨在实现以无产阶级为主体的人的自由全面发展。中国新型国家制度有着显著区别于资本主义现代国家制度的独特内涵和发展逻辑。加强对马克思现代国家观的系统研究,不仅有助于驳斥当前关于中国道路的一些认识误区,而且能够为坚持和完善中国特色社会主义制度、推进国家治理现代化提供重要的理论指南、价值原则和方法导向。

The concept of modern state is not a special term for the so-called "free and democratic state". Marx’s modern state view adheres to materialist dialectics in methodology and historical materialism in view of history, which not only reveals the duality of the modern state, but also clarifies the history of the modern state and its basic types. The socialist modern state is a "semi-state" which established and surpassed the capitalist state while the state has not yet completely decayed, and it is based on the premise that the proletariat completely break up the traditional state machinery and establish a new socialist state system, and the ownership of the means of production society is the basis of ownership, and it aims to achieve the comprehensive development of the people with the proletariat as the main body. China’s new state system has its unique connotation and development logic which is significantly different from modern capitalist state system. To strengthen the systematic study of Marx’s modern state view can help refute some misunderstandings about China’s road at present, and provide important theoretical guidance, value principles and method guidance for further adhering to and improving the socialist state system with Chinese characteristics and promoting the modernization of national governance.