矿物中的色心:以金刚石氮心为例

Color center in minerals:taking diamond nitrogen center as an example

色心是矿物颜色的主要形成机制之一,含色心的矿物有钾盐、石盐、萤石、石英和金刚石等。本文主要介绍金刚石中的色心,金刚石中有众多的缺陷,特别是其中的氮心。氮心由一个置换碳的氮和一个空位组成,包括电中性的NV0和带负电的NV^(-),NV^(-)心可以用作室温量子比特。本文叙述了NV^(-)心的结晶构造和电子结构,以及通过NV^(-)心的光致发光、电子自旋和核自旋一步步地建立电子和核的量子比特。最后,讨论了氮心在量子信息、传感器和生命科学等领域的应用前景。

Color center is one of the main color-forming mechanisms of minerals.Minerals with color centers include sylvine,halite,fluorite,quartz,and diamond.In this paper,the color center of diamond has been mainly introduced.There are many defects in diamond,especially the nitrogen center.The nitrogen center consists of a carbon-substituted nitrogen and a vacancy,including the electrically neutral NV0 and negatively charged NV^(-).The NV^(-)center can be used as quantum bit(qubit)at room temperature.In this paper,the crystal structure and electronic structure of the NV^(-)center have been described,and the qubits of electrons and nuclei have been gradually established step by step through the photoluminescence,electron spin,and nuclear spin of the NV^(-)center.Finally,the application prospective of nitrogen centers in fields of the quantum information,sensors,and life sciences have been discussed.