介电损耗型微波吸收材料的研究进展

Progress in dielectric loss microwave absorbing materials

随着无线信息技术的飞速发展,电磁干扰问题日益突出,在全球范围内引起广泛关注。解决这一挑战的关键是开发能够吸收电磁波的材料。理想的吸波材料应为集承载、防热和强吸收于一体的结构性材料。本文总结了近年来碳基、陶瓷基复合材料及其电磁波吸收性能,这些吸收剂的最终目的是在较薄的涂层上实现更宽的有效吸收频率带宽;介绍了几种典型的、广受欢迎的复合材料的制备方法、结构及其电磁波损耗机制;阐述了现今吸波材料的优势、研究现状及存在的问题。最后,预测了吸波材料未来潜在的发展方向,采用理论、模拟计算以及实际实验紧密结合的手段设计和构筑碳基复合材料将会是必然趋势。

Electromagnetic interference problems have become an increasing issue with the rapid development of wireless information technologies,which has attracted global attention.The key solution to this challenge is to develop materials that can absorb electromagnetic waves.The ideal absorbing material should be a structural material integrating load bearing,heat protection and strong absorption.The carbon-based,ceramic-based composites and their electromagnetic absorption properties in recent years were summarized in this review.The ultimate goal of these absorbers is to achieve broader effective absorption frequency bandwidth at a thin coating thickness.The synthesis methods,structures and electromagnetic wave loss mechanism of several typical and well-received composites were introduced.The superiorities,research status and main problems of absorbing materials were described.Based on these progresses,the potential development direction of absorbing materials in the future was predicted.