数字时代背景下音乐版权许可制度的问题与对策——兼评美国《音乐现代化法案》

Problems and Countermeasures of Music Copyright Licensing System under the Context of Digital Economy——On the Music Modernization Act of the United States

数字时代背景下,互联网技术文化与音乐版权保护之间形成张力,在技术快速发展的同时音乐版权不容忽视。我国传统的法定许可制度构造并不能适应数字经济下音乐产业的快速发展,我国音乐版权许可制度应当重新进行设计。美国2018年新推出的《音乐现代化法案》中将法定许可转变为概括许可,增加音乐版权税率的协定性,整合音乐资源,建立更为全面的音乐信息库等制度,这些变革亮点为我国数字时代背景下音乐版权许可制度的优化提供了借鉴样本。建议我国未来音乐版权制度可以从法定许可制度向强制性概括许可制度转变,利用互联网技术搭建资源整合平台,建立市场主导的版权税率标准,综合考虑国情,从制度上为我国音乐版权许可营造更好的法治环境,使得我国音乐产业适应数字时代的发展。

In the digital era,with the rapid growth of technology,music copyright becomes an issue that can not be ignored.Traditional legal license system in China should be redesigned because it fails to adapt to the rapid growth of music industry in the digital economy.The new music Modernization Act of the United States in 2018 changes the legal license into general license,increases the agreement of music copyright tax rate,integrates music resources and establishes a more comprehensive music information database,which provides a reference for the optimization of music copyright license system in China.It is suggested that the existing license system in China should be changed to the“Compulsory General License”system,and the Internet technology should be used to build a resource integration platform,establish a market-oriented copyright tax rate standard,comprehensively consider the national conditions and endowments,so as to create a better legal environment for music copyright license system in China and make the music industry adapt to the digital economy era.