区块链架构下的应急管理:可能图景、潜在风险与因应之道

Emergency Management under the Framework of Blockchain:Possible Scenarios,Potential Risks and Countermeasures

构建科学的应急管理体系是推进国家治理体系和治理能力现代化的关键一环。面对高发的公共危机,传统应急管理面临着多部门协同、资源供给、社会动员及舆情应对等难题。区块链凭借其分布式账本、智能合约、防篡改、可追溯等安全机制与技术优势,为完善应急管理体系提供了全新的技术视角。区块链分布式账本有助于部门协调、改善资源供给,智能合约赋能社会有序动员,超级舆情节点积极引导社会舆论。然而,技术赋能语境下的应急管理,面临着应急管理上链后的制度伦理缺失、多中心后的公共价值取向偏差及工具理性导向下的技术异化等风险。因此,以区块链技术优化应急管理体系还须构建基于主权区块链的制度之治、强化基于多元主体协作的联盟链应急能力、回归公共利益与公共精神的价值理性,真正实现区块链技术之治与应急管理制度之治的深度耦合。

Building a scientific emergency management system is a key link to promote the modernization of national governance system and governance capacity. In the face of frequent public crisis,the traditional emergency management system is faced with many problems,such as multi department coordination,insufficient resource supply,social mobilization and public opinion response. With its distributed,tamper proof,traceability and other security mechanisms,blockchain provides a new technical perspective for improving the emergency management system. Blockchain distributed ledger helps departments coordinate and improve resource supply. Smart contracts enable orderly social mobilization,and super public opinion nodes actively guide public opinion. However,in the context of technology empowerment,emergency management is faced with the risk of institutional ethics loss,public value orientation deviation after decentralization and technology alienation under the guidance of instrumental rationality. Therefore,to optimize the emergency management system and improve the efficiency of emergency management with blockchain technology,it is necessary to build institutional governance based on sovereign blockchain,strengthen the emergency capability of alliance chain based on multi-agent cooperation,return to the value rationality of public interest and public spirit. So we can truly realize the deep coupling of blockchain technology governance and emergency management institutional governance.