文化资本对农村居民健康的影响效应与作用机制——基于CGSS(2017)的实证分析

The Effect and Mechanism of Cultural Capital on the Health of Rural Residents——Empirical Analysis Based on CGSS (2017)

农村居民健康问题是乡村振兴战略的重要议题。基于2017年中国综合社会调查数据,利用Ordinal Logit嵌套模型和KHB分解法检验了制度文化资本和具体文化资本对农村居民健康的影响效应及其作用机制。研究结果表明,制度文化资本和具体文化资本都显著正向促进了农村居民的健康,因较高教育程度而拥有更高制度文化资本和因积极参加文化活动而拥有较高具体文化资本的农村居民更可能报告较好一级的健康自评,这一效应在农村女性尤其是中西部地区农村居民中更为明显。经济收入和生活方式是文化资本作用机制的中介变量,但其中介效应存在维度性差异和结构性差异。具体文化资本和制度文化资本两个维度的中介效应占比分别为20.39%和9.68%,经济收入在不同维度中起到的中介效果基本相当,而生活方式对具体文化资本的中介作用更强。与此同时,生活方式的中介效应在东部地区相对明显,而经济收入的中介效应则在中西部地区更为突出。应当通过强化教育投资和农村文化投资,并完善农村文化发展政策以促进农村居民文化资本水平的提高,进而改善健康状况。

The health of rural residents is an important issue of Rural Revitalization Strategy. Based on the data of CGSS 2017,this paper uses the Ordinal Logit nested model and KHB decomposition method to test the impact and mechanism of institutionalized cultural capital and embodied cultural capital on rural residents’ health. The results show that both institutionalized cultural capital and embodied cultural capital significantly and positively promote the health status of rural residents. Rural residents with higher institutionalized cultural capital due to higher education level and higher embodied cultural capital due to active participation in cultural activities are more likely to report a better level of health self-assessment. This effect is significant among rural women and rural residents in central and western regions more obviously. Economic income and lifestyle are the mediating variables of the mechanism of cultural capital,but their mediating effects have dimensional differences and structural differences. The proportion of mediating effect of embodied cultural capital and institutionalized cultural capital is 20.39% and 9.68% respectively. The mediating effect of economic income in the two dimensions of cultural capital is basically the same,while the mediating effect of lifestyle on specific cultural capital is stronger. At the same time,the mediating effect of lifestyle is relatively obvious in the eastern region,and the mediating effect of economic income is more prominent in the central and western regions. Finally,this paper proposes that we should strengthen the investment in education and rural culture,and improve the rural cultural development policy to promote the level of cultural capital of rural residents,so as to improve their health.