玉作坊、玉文化与“玉石之路”关系管窥——以甘肃为例

Views on the Relationship between Jade Workshop,Jade Culture and “Jade Road”——Taking Gansu as an Example

大约距今四千年左右,中原地区基于对西北透闪石玉料的需求开辟了西玉东运的"玉石之路"。自古以来人们认为玉料重要来源地在昆仑山一带,而河西走廊乃至甘肃是西玉东输的天然通道和中介区。齐家文化接受东方玉器崇拜观念,在我国五千年文明史开启阶段东西文化交流及玉器向社会礼制转化过程中发挥过重要驱动作用,成为夏、商、周三代玉礼器重要源头,同时将西北地区透闪石玉料源源不断输入到中原地区。近年来考古学家、文化学者发现在祁连山、马衔山、积石山、武山等地都有玉矿或玉作坊遗址遗存。2011年以来,又在河西走廊西部陆续发现和考察发掘马鬃山河盐径保尔、寒窑子和敦煌旱峡三处重要玉矿和玉作坊遗址,为研究中原玉料来源提供了坚实的考古学证据,河西走廊西部作为中国重要玉料资源区和战略地位因此得以证实。

The research is under the general context of the"One Belt,One Road"initiative. An in-depth analysis on the relationships between the jade mines,jade workshops and the"Jade Road"is significant for re-understanding the connotation and value of this major cultural exchange channel between the East and the West,exploring the origin,development and inheritance of Chinese civilization,and supporting the development of jade culture industry and tourism industry. On the basis of the early field investigation and research,the archaeological excavation findings,previous research results and relevant ancient literature have been reviewed. It is believed that the discovery and archaeological excavation findings of the three jade mine sites in the Corridor provide scientific basis,new materials and new perspectives for the study of the"Jade Road",which might contribute to the further understanding of the connotation and value of the Corridor as well as the exploration to the origin,development and inheritance of Chinese civilization,and the development of the jade culture industry and tourism industry.