生命周期评价在农业环境管理中的进展与挑战

Progress and Challenge on Life Cycle Assessment Application in Agri-food Section

在过去的20年间,农业生命周期评价(Life Cycle Assessment,LCA)研究呈现快速增加态势,研究案例几乎涵盖了世界目前主要农产品,尤其在食物、农场、农业系统等宏观尺度主题中研究数量较多,部分国家与地区已经将LCA应用于相关政策文件之中。但目前也面临着边界界定不一致、基础数据库缺失、评价模型有待完善、结果分配原则不明等方面的局限与挑战,需要国家相关部门或行业协会牵头制订相应的标准,推动LCA在农业环境管理中发挥更重要的作用。

In the past 20 years,the researches of agricultural Life Cycle Assessment(LCA)has shown a rapid increase,and the research cases cover almost all the major agricultural products in the world,particularly over macro-scale topics such as food,farm and agricultural system.In addition,LCA have put into effect by relevant policy documents in some countries and regions.However,it is also faced with the limitations and challenges of different boundary definition,lacking of basic database and assessment model,as well as unclear principle of distribution of results,so it is necessary that relevant departments or trade associations of the country to take the lead in formulating corresponding standards,which can promote LCA to play a more important role in the environmental management in agriculture.