二维纳米材料抗β-淀粉样蛋白治疗阿尔茨海默病

Two-dimensional Nanomaterials Against β-Amyloid in the Treatment of Alzheimer’s Disease

阿尔茨海默病(Alzheimer’s disease, AD)是一种老年人群中高发的进行性神经退行性疾病。β-淀粉样蛋白(β-amyloid, Aβ)假说是目前科学界广泛支持的AD发病机制。清除Aβ、阻止Aβ聚集和解聚Aβ纤维的策略有望给AD的治疗提供有效途径。然而,目前已报道的抗Aβ治疗AD的药物存在的诸多缺点,限制了其临床应用。随着纳米技术的飞速发展,二维纳米材料在医学上的应用逐渐受到研究人员的关注。二维纳米材料不仅理化特性优异,而且生物相容性良好,还易于穿越细胞膜及血脑屏障。近年来研究发现,多种二维纳米材料能通过分子间相互作用力、近红外光热效应、光催化氧化、Cu2+螯合以及药物负载等机制来抑制Aβ聚集,或使Aβ纤维解聚,在治疗AD方面有着很大的潜力。本文将围绕石墨烯和类石墨烯二维纳米材料,例如二硫化钼、石墨相氮化碳、黑磷等用于抗Aβ治疗AD方面的研究进行综述。

Alzheimer’s disease(AD) is a prevalent progressive neurodegenerative disorder among the elderly. In the scientific community, the β-amyloid(Aβ) hypothesis is currently a widely-accepted model for AD pathogenesis. Removing Aβ, inhibiting Aβ aggregation and depolymerizing Aβ fibrils are proposed to provide useful strategies for the treatment of AD. However, most current drugs used for anti-Aβ therapy usually have inherent drawbacks that may limit their clinical applications. With the rise of nanotechnology nowadays, the application of two-dimensional nanomaterials in medicine has rapidly attracted much attention from researchers. Two-dimensional nanomaterials not only have excellent physical and chemical properties, as well as good biocompatibility, but also can easily cross either the cell membrane or blood-brain barrier. Recently, it has been found that many two-dimensional nanomaterials can inhibit Aβ aggregation or depolymerize Aβ fibrils by intermolecular interaction, near-infrared photothermal effect, photocatalytic oxidation, chelation of copper ions, drug delivery and other mechanisms, implying its great potential in treating AD. This review will focus on the research of graphene and graphene-like two-dimensional nanomaterials such as molybdenum disulfide, graphitic carbon nitride, and black phosphorus used for anti-Aβ therapy in the treatment of AD.