中国人类学的百年品格与新时代使命

THE CENTURY CHARACTER OF CHINESE ANTHROPOLOGY AND ITS MISSION IN THE NEW ERA

中国人类学的百年品格应从其根植的中国社会特征、民族性格、知识分子的使命担当以及人类学的科学特质中加以理解。中国传统文化中经世致用、知行合一的思想,以及"五四"以来所形成的知识分子对国家民族的责任感和使命感,使得中国人类学在传入期和发轫期就形成了以问题导向、本土转向、实践指向的"实学"特征;中国人类学在"本土化"进程中受到芝加哥学派、功能学派重实践和功用的深刻影响,尤其是在改革开放以来学科话语构建中为国家、社会和人民服务的"实践转向",使其"实学"品格更加鲜明。面对后现代思潮影响下的"范式危机",新时代的中国人类学必须坚持百年发展中形成的"实学"品格,将学科价值融入社会价值,基于实践逻辑来发现和创新理论,努力实现从本土特质到国际视野的跨越。

The century character of Chinese anthropology should be understood from the features of Chinese society which it is rooted,the national disposition,the duties of intellectuals,and the scientific characteristics of anthropology.The thoughts of practical application and knowledge-action unity in Chinese traditional culture,as we as intellectuals’sense of responsibility and mission toward the Chinese nation-state formed since the May 4th Movement,have contributed to the formation of Chinese anthropology as a practical science with such characteristics as problem-orient,local turn,and practice-center in its introduction and development periods.The localization process of Chinese anthropology has been deeply affected by the practice and application tendency emphasized by the Chicago School and the Functional School,particularly since the Reform and Opening-up,the discourse construction of Chinese anthropology discipline has realized its practical turn serving for the nation,the society,and the people,which has made its characteristics as practical science much more distinctive.Facing the paradigm crisis under the influence of Postmodernism,Chinese anthropology in the new era must insist the characteristics of practical science formed in centennial development,integrate disciplinary value into social value,explore and innovate theory based on practical logic,and strive to achieve the leap-forward from local character to international vision.