嘉道年间解决灾赈问题的对策及其效果

Countermeasures and Effects of Disaster Relief during Jiaqing and Daoguang Period in the Qing Dynasty

嘉道年间清王朝国力中衰,府库空虚,赈银吃紧,开始出现荒政危机。对此清政府采取各项应对措施,主要从捐赈和监查两方面入手,试图缓解和防弊赈济过程中出现的种种问题,但施行效果不一,无法妥善根除弊病。其中政府的应对政策固然重要,但更为关键的是执行政策的人如何作为,他们的一举一动将直接决定各项政令的最终施行效果。然而事与愿违,赈灾制度本身存在的疏漏之处与政策执行人间难以控制的贪腐问题,常常使得朝廷的赈灾之策不易落到实处。

During the reign of Jiaqing and Daoguang,the national power of the Qing Dynasty was in decline;the treasury was empty;the relief money was tight;and the famine crisis began to appear.In response,the Qing government took various measures,mainly start from two aspects of donation and supervision,trying to alleviate and prevent various problems in relief.But the implementation effect was not the same,so it was difficult to eradicate the disadvantages.Among them,the government’s response is important,but what’s more important is how the people who carry out the policy,and their action will directly determine the final effect of various decrees.However,things don’t turn out the way you want.The omissions in the disaster relief system itself and the corruption problems that are difficult to control for policy executor often make it difficult for the government to implement disaster relief measures.