奖励联结的任务无关刺激在注意捕获中的作用

The role of task-irrelevant stimulus-reward association in attentional capture

本研究采用训练-测试范式探讨了任务无关的分心颜色特征在价值驱动注意捕获中的作用。在训练阶段,被试完成侧抑制任务,将侧面数字的颜色(红色和绿色)分别与高、低奖励建立联结,测试阶段被试完成形状奇异项搜索任务,先前和奖励联结的颜色作为分心物出现。结果发现,当训练阶段与高奖励联结的颜色在随后的搜索任务中作为突显分心物出现时,与低奖励联结颜色相比能够更大程度地捕获注意(实验1);并且,这种捕获效应当高奖励联结的颜色分心物不再突显时仍然存在(实验2)。结果支持巴甫洛夫的经典条件反射观点,刺激—奖励联结是产生注意捕获的充分条件。

The present study explored whether task-irrelevant and not physically salience color feature can capture attention via reward-based learning or not and underlying mechanism,using a training-testing paradigm.We used a flanker task during reward learning to create color-reward associations in training phase,and then tested the effect of color stimulus during visual search as distractor in test phase.It was found when the high reward-associated color stimulus was presented as physically salient distractor(Experiment 1)or as never physically salient distractor(Experiment 2),attention cauld be captured.The present findings provide strong evidence for classical conditioning,stimulus-reward contingencies is sufficient to obtain value-driven attentional capture.