谈孙子兵法的“制胜之形”

On“the Ways to Win”of Sun Tzu’s Art of War

学习《孙子兵法》的要诀之一是“神解”概念范畴。以“制胜之形”为例,用“战法”解释“形”是不够准确的。制胜之形中的“形”包括作战形式和战术两个方面。作战形式指军队运动和部署,战术指军队的佯动和欺骗;二者之间,作战形式属于战略层面的内容,层次高于战术,并据以产生相应的克敌制胜的战术。因此,在当代以及未来的战争中,要“形以应形”,在充分了解敌我情势的前提下,寻求“制胜之形”,因敌变化而取胜,这是克敌制胜的普适性规律。

One of the keys to learning The Art of War is to deepen the understanding of concepts and categories.Taking“the ways to win”as an example,it is not accurate enough to use“tactics”to explain“ways”.The“ways”include two aspects:combat forms and tactics.Combat forms refer to military movement and deployment,and tactics refer to military feints and deceptions;combat forms belong to the content of the strategic level,which is higher than tactics and is used to produce corresponding tactics for defeating the enemy.Therefore,in contemporary and future wars,it is necessary to“use flexible ways in response to different conditions”,seek the“ways to win”under the premise of fully understanding the situation of the enemy and ourselves,and to win the wars in accordance with the changes of the enemy.This is the universal law of defeating the enemy.