日语2+2型四字词对汉语构词法的影响--以19-20世纪之交的清末5报为例

A Study on the Influence of"2+2"Four-character Japanese Words on Chinese Word-formation Rules:Taking Five Different Newspapers Published during the Late-Qing Dynasty at the Turn of the 20th Century as Examples

19-20世纪之交,日语四字词经由清末5报等途径大量进入汉语,除了为汉语带来当时急需的新词之外,也对文白尚未统一、缺少三字词和四字词的汉语构词法产生了直接的影响。本文论证了日语2+2型四字词的基本特征:一是二字语素既可以单独使用也可以复合构词,二是以相同的二字语素为中心进行系列性构词。同时还分析了日语四字词与汉语四字词相互融合的过程,用量化的数据证明:在当时的汉语里,日语四字词在数量和重要度上均居于中心地位,而当时中国人自造的四字词则是以模仿日语四字词形式的仿造词为主。

At the turn of the 20th century,a large number of four-character Japanese words were introduced into Chinese through five different newspapers published in late-Qing dynasty,among various other means.In addition to bringing muchneeded words into Chinese,these words had a direct influence on the word-formation rules in Chinese which was then still in a blended state of ancient and modern styles,lacking in the availability of three-and four-character words.The basic characteristics of 2+2 four-character words in Japanese are as follows.First,two-character morphemes can either be used alone or form a compound word;second,words can be formed serially by centering upon identical two-character morphemes.Moreover,this paper also analyzed the process of fusion between four-character words in Japanese and Chinese to quantitatively prove the integrity of the following hypothesis.Chinese language in that era was very much centered upon Japanese four-character words,as manifested by their quantity and importance in the linguistic system.By contrast,fourcharacter words created by Chinese people were primarily comprised of loan-translated calques from their Japanese counterpart.