从文化人类学解读《楢山小调考》中的生死观

An Analysis on the View of Life and Death in the Ballad of Narayama from the Perspective of Cultural Anthropology

《楢山小调考》以弃老传说为叙事的基本框架,以民间信仰的符号与仪式为叙述重点,再现了日本民间的"贵壮贱老"观念和山岳信仰、祖灵信仰、稻荷信仰等民间信仰的思想内涵。通过构建民俗成份和创作主旨的虚实关系,作者深泽七郎更好地阐明了小说中二元化的生死观。这种对生死观的构建与表达方式具有很强的感染力和表现力,向读者呈现出一个具有日本民族特色的、反映日本人精神本源的故事。

The narration of the novel the Ballad of Narayama is based on the frame of the Ubasute legend and focuses on the symbols and rituals of folk beliefs,restoring the view of"respecting the younger and disdaining the elder"and the thought of folk beliefs such as mountain worship,ancestry worship and rice worship.In the novel,the author ShichirōFukazawa well demonstrates the view of life and death that is a dualization by constructing the relation of blankness and actuality between content about folk and the purpose of creation.The way of constructing and expressing the view of life and death is impressive and expressive,and the novel is telling the readers a story that is of Japanese ethic characteristics and reflects the origin of the Japanese spirit.