口服避孕药的开发史

The development history of oral contraceptives

从性激素的发现到将其研制成口服避孕药直至上市,经历了漫长而又曲折的过程。口服避孕药诞生已有61周年,第一种口服避孕药“异炔诺酮(以Enovid为商标)”于1960年5月由美国联邦药物管理局(FDA)批准上市。目前口服避孕药仍是一种非常流行的节育形式。口服避孕药的研发是人类历史上的一项重大成就。在这期间,一大批优秀的内分泌学家和化学家为口服避孕药的诞生和发展作出卓越的贡献。口服避孕药的诞生不仅缓解了第二次世界大战后世界人口爆炸式增长的局面并且提高了女性的社会地位,但同时也催化出了性解放运动。

The creation of oral contraceptives goes back 60 years.It has gone through a long and complex process from the discovery of sex hormones to their development into drugs to market.A correct understanding of the developmental history of oral contraceptives is of great importance for human reproduction.Gregory G Pincus successfully synthesized the first oral contraceptive Enovid based on research by Carl Djerassi,this was approved for marketing by the US Federal Drug Administration(FDA)in May 1960.However,due to the severe side effects of Enovid,the safer and more effective second generation oral contraceptives-Levonorgestrel and the third generation oral contraceptives-Pregnene are widely used and continue to be used to this day.The introduction of oral contraceptives not only dampened the explosive growth of the world's population,but also improved the social status of women,and catalyzed the sexual liberation movement.