纳米纤维素制备及其在硝化棉基发射药中的应用

Preparation of Nanocellulose and Its Application in Nitrocellulose-based Gun Propellant

采用磷酸溶解再生法制备纳米纤维素,为促进纤维素的溶解,利用尿素水溶液对纤维素进行预处理。分别采用红外光谱、X射线衍射和透射电子显微镜等手段对不同制备阶段产物的组成、结构和形貌进行了分析和表征。将得到的纳米纤维素添加到硝化棉基发射药中,考察了其理化性能、低温落锤破碎和简支梁冲击强度的变化规律。结果表明:在不改变发射药制备工艺前提下,添加质量分数1.68%的纳米纤维素不会改变发射药的理化性能,但使其低温落锤破碎率由70%降低为20%,低温冲击强度提高30%。

Nanocelluloses were prepared via a process of dissolution in phosphoric acid followed by regeneration in water.To facilitate the dissolution,the cellulose was pre-treated with aqueous urea solution.The composition,structure,and morphology of the materials in different preparation stages were studied by infrared spectroscopy(FTIR),X-ray diffraction(XRD)and transmission electron microscopy(TEM),respectively.The nanocelluloses were added into the nitrocellulose-based gun propellant as the reinforcement,and the physicochemical properties,low temperature drop hammer crushing and impact strength were tested.The results show that the physicochemical properties of the propellant are not changed after nanocelluloses with mass fraction of 1.68%are added.However,the low temperature drop hammer crushing ratio is reduced from 70%to 20%,and the low temperature impact strength is increased by 30%.