宁夏2013-2017年贫困农村中小学生营养状况

Nutrition status of primary and middle school students in poor rural areas of Ningxia during 2013 to 2017

目的了解宁夏2013-2017年实施"农村义务教育学生营养改善计划"(以下简称"计划")的集中连片贫困地区中小学生营养状况,为有针对性地开展营养教育和持续推进"计划"提供参考依据。方法采用随机抽样的原则,在2013-2017年实施"计划"的宁夏7个县(区)中,抽取6~15岁学生共27 732人次,进行营养状况评估。结果 "计划"实施5年间,各年龄段学生的营养不良率分别为18.16%,18.77%,17.08%,14.38%,14.93%,呈现下降趋势,差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)_(趋势)=47.02,P<0.01)。12~15岁年龄段5年间营养过剩检出情况分别为5.21%,4.89%,5.51%,5.68%,6.83%,呈现上升趋势,差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)_(趋势)=6.66,P<0.01)。结论 "计划"实施期间宁夏农村中小学生营养不良的发生情况处于持续改进中,男生营养不良和营养过剩情况相对严重,需要给予特殊关注。

Objective To investigate the nutritional status of the rural compulsory education students from "Rural Compulsory Education Students Nutrition Improvement Program"(hereinafter referred to "plan") in Ningxia, to provide a scientific basis for future targeted nutrition education and interventions. Methods The survey was conducted in 27 732 students aged 6 to 15 years selected by stratified samplings in 7 counties of Ningxia. Results In the 5 years of the "plan" implementation, trend in decreasing malnutrition rates across the 5 years(18.16%, 18.77%, 17.08%, 14.38%, 14.93%), with statistically significant difference(Chi-square for trend was 47.02, P<0.01). Overnutrition rate significantly increased(5.21%, 4.89%, 5.51%, 5.68%, 6.83%, Chi-square for trend was 6.66, P<0.01). Conclusion Improved nutritional status of rural primary and middle school students in Ningxia has been observed, Co-occurring of malnutrition in boys and overnutrition requires further attention.