女童膳食模式与中枢性性早熟的关联

Association between dietary patterns and central precocious puberty in girls

目的探讨儿童膳食模式与中枢性性早熟的关联,为性早熟的饮食预防提供科学依据。方法采用病例对照研究方法,选取2019年5—12月在安徽省合肥市某医院初诊为中枢性性早熟的35名女童为病例组,70名青春期发育正常的健康女童为对照组,开展体格发育检查、父母问卷调查和儿童访谈。饮食评估采用简化的食物频率问卷(Food Frequency Questionnaire, FFQ)。使用主成分分析确定儿童膳食模式,通过多元Logistic回归分析膳食模式与性早熟之间的关联。结果识别了3种不同的膳食模式,分别为"零食和加工食品型""动物蛋白型"和"营养滋补型"膳食模式。校正年龄、体质量指数(BMI)等协变量,Logistic回归分析显示,"零食和加工食品型"膳食模式与性早熟呈正相关(OR=10.81,95%CI=2.59~45.15,P<0.01),"动物蛋白型"与性早熟呈负相关(OR=0.24,95%CI=0.06~0.91,P=0.04),而"营养滋补型"与性早熟间的关联无统计学意义(OR=0.28,95%CI=0.07~1.05,P=0.06)。结论儿童膳食模式与性早熟相关,油炸食品、膨化食品、含防腐剂或色素食品、西式快餐、巧克力及制品等食物摄入水平较高的"零食和加工食品型"膳食模式与中枢性性早熟发生密切关联。

Objective To explore the relationship between dietary patterns and central precocious puberty in children, and to provide a scientific basis for dietary prevention of precocious puberty. Methods A case-control study was conducted, among 35 newly diagnosed central precocious puberty girls from May to December 2019 as the case group, and 70 healthy girls with normal development as the control group. Physical development examination, parent questionnaire survey and child interview were carried out. Dietary information was assessed using a simplified food frequency questionnaire(FFQ). Principal component analysis was used to identify children’s dietary patterns, and multiple Logistic regression was used to assess the association between dietary patterns and precocious puberty. Results Three different dietary patterns have been established, namely "snack and processed food type", "animal protein type" and "nutritional tonic type" dietary patterns, respectively. After adjusting for covariates such as age and BMI, Logistic regression analysis showed that the "snack and processed food type" dietary pattern was positively correlated with precocious puberty(OR=10.81, 95%CI=2.59-45.15, P<0.01). There was a negative correlation between "animal protein type" and precocious puberty(OR=0.24, 95%CI=0.06-0.91, P=0.04), while the association between "nutritive tonic" and precocious puberty was not statistically significant(OR=0.28, 95%CI=0.07-1.05, P=0.06). Conclusion Children’s dietary patterns were related to precocious puberty. " Snack and processed food " dietary pattern with a high intake of fried foods, puffed foods, foods containing preservatives or pigments, western fast foods, chocolate and products, was closely related to central precocious puberty.