非洲猪瘟病毒多样性

Diversity of African Swine Fever Virus

非洲猪瘟(African swine fever,ASF)是由非洲猪瘟病毒(African swine fever virus,ASFV)引起猪的一种急性、高度致死性传染病。该病在全世界多个地方流行,导致该病流行的原因之一是缺乏有效的预防及治疗药物、疫苗等。尽管ASFV基因总的突变率相对其基因组来说较低,但是,与其它病毒相比,其基因突变总数则相当巨大。研究发现ASFV的多个基因具有高突变率的特性,表现为基因多样性,此外,由于该病毒为核质大DNA病毒,编码大量蛋白,其抗原也表现为多样性。本文总结了ASFV基因多样性和抗原多样性,分析其发生原理并综述了最新研究成果,以期为研究ASFV病毒遗传演化、开发疫苗及指导疫情防控提供思路。

African swine fever(ASF)is an acute and highly fatal infectious disease caused by African swine fever virus(ASFV).This disease is widespread throughout the world.The main reason is lacking effective commercial vaccine and other preventive and treatment strategies.Although the total mutation rate of the ASFV gene is relatively low compared to its genome,the frequency of gene mutation is quite high compared to other viruses.Studies have found that multiple genes of ASFV have high mutation rate,showing genetic diversity.Because the virus is a nucleoplasmic large DNA virus that encodes a large number of proteins,its antigens also show diversity.This article summarizes the gene diversity and antigen diversity of ASFV,analyzes its occurrence principles,and reviews the latest research results,to provide ideas for studying the genetic evolution of ASFV virus,developing vaccines,and guiding epidemic prevention and control.