重整甲醇高温聚合物电解质膜燃料电池研究进展与展望

Advancement toward reforming methanol high temperature polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells

甲醇作为一种安全便捷的液态储氢燃料,具有高含氢量以及高体积能量密度,可经重整为富氢气后与燃料电池系统集成为重整甲醇高温聚合物电解质膜燃料电池,从而高效地将甲醇和氧气的化学能转变为电能。本文针对重整甲醇高温聚合物电解质膜燃料电池的不同类型(外置重整型和内置重整型),分别对其系统集成的实现与发展进行了总结,并介绍了其现阶段在军用和民用方面的应用情况,同时指出了技术研究与应用存在的瓶颈,并对未来的研究方向进行了展望。未来提升重整甲醇高温聚合物电解质膜燃料电池性能的努力在于开发低温工作的高效甲醇重整催化剂,以及高温稳定运行的聚合物电解质膜和非贵金属材料等燃料电池关键材料。

Compared to hydrogen,the liquid methanol shows numerous advantages,including convenient storage and transportation as well as high energy density.Hydrogen fuel is released via reforming methanol,then the reformed gas is employed as the fuel for high-temperature polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell system.The integrated system with reforming methanol and high-temperature polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell is the reforming methanol fuel cell,which transforms the chemical energy of methanol and oxygen to electricity with high efficiency.This work summarizes the implementation and development of the reforming methanol fuel cell systems with different configurations(external reforming and internal reforming)and introduces their current application status.It also points out their bottlenecks in technical research and application and provides future research guidelines.The effort to improve the performance of reforming methanol fuel cells in the future is to develop low-temperature methanol reforming catalyst with high conversion rate and efficiency,and stable high-temperature polymer electrolyte membrane and non-precious metal catalysts.