改性碳纳米管及其复合材料在废水处理中的应用现状及展望

Current status and future prospects of modified carbon nanotube and its composite materials application for wastewater treatment

碳纳米管(carbon nanotube,CNT)具有高比表面积、高吸附能力、优良的导电性和化学稳定性等,但其在水中存在分散性差和催化能力低等问题。为了提高其在废水处理中性能,需要对CNT进行改性,制备复合材料。本文总结了CNT表面改性和复合材料制备方法,论述了改性CNT及其复合材料在电化学氧化、电化学还原、电化学过滤、光催化和膜分离等处理技术中的应用研究进展,并就未来研究方向进行了展望。指出了CNT在未来废水处理方面应用的研究重点包括:(1)设计经济、方便、温和的改性路线,继续寻求获得新型高效改性CNT及其复合材料,并兼顾稳定性;(2)开发基于改性CNT及其复合材料特性的废水处理新装置和反应工艺;(3)关注因改性CNT及其复合材料流失引起的生物、生态效应。

The carbon nanotube(CNT)possesses high specific surface area,high adsorption capability,excellent conductivity,as well as chemical stability,etc.However,it has poor aqueous dispersity with low catalytic ability.In order to improve its performance for wastewater treatment,it is necessary to prepare modified CNT and/or CNT based composite materials.In this paper,the research progress of the preparation of modified CNT and CNT based composite materials,and their applications in wastewater treatment technologies,such as electrochemical oxidation,electrochemical reduction,electrochemical filtration,photocatalysis and membrane separation,etc.was summarized.In addition,a future research prospects regarding to the main research areas of CNT in wastewater treatment were also proposed.These areas included:①the design of economical,convenient and mild CNT modification route for the preparation of novel,efficient and stable modified CNT and CNT based composite materials.②the development of new wastewater treatment devices and reaction processes for the application of modified CNT and CNT based composite materials.③the biological and ecological effects caused by the loss of modified CNT and CNT based composite materials.