1957-2016年阳春市降水与气温的变化特征

The Variation Characteristics of Precipitation and Air Temperature in Yangchun from 1957 to 2016

利用阳春国家气象观测站1957—2016年气象观测资料,采用统计学方法分析了阳春市近60年降水与气温的变化特征。结果表明:近60年阳春市降水年际变化总体呈波动变化,无明显的变化趋势,年平均气温总体呈增高趋势,增长幅度为0.02℃/年。阳春市年均降水量为2338.3mm,降水量逐月分布总体呈单峰型,以6月份降水量最大,12月份降水最小;降水主要集中在汛期(4—9月),降水量为1936.7mm,占全年降水量83%。近60年的平均气温为22.4℃,气温年变化也大致呈单峰型,最高月平均气温出现在7月份,为28.3℃,最低月平均气温出现在1月份,为14.5℃。阳春年降水突变现象主要发生在1991年,气温突变主要发生在1986年;近60年阳春市年降水主要存在15年左右尺度的周期振荡,年均气温则不存在明显周期变化。

Using the 1957-2016 meteorological observations from a national station in Yangchun and the method of statistics,this work analyzes the variation characteristics of precipitation and air temperature in the city for the 60 years studied.The result is shown as follows.Interannual variations of precipitation in Yangchun over the years studied fluctuate generally without significant trends.Annual average air temperature show a generally increasing trend at a rate of 0.02℃/year.The city’s annual mean rain amount is 2338.3 mm.Being the maximum in June and the minimum in December,the rain amount is generally unimodal in monthly distribution.Precipitation mainly occurs in the flood season(from April to September),with the rain amount at 1936.7 mm,taking up 83%of the annual total.Over the 60 years studied,annual mean air temperature is 22.4℃.Annual variation of air temperature is also generally unimodal with the maximum monthly temperature in July(28.3℃)and the minimum in January(14.5℃).1991 is the year with abrupt change in annual precipitation and 1986 the year with abrupt change in air temperature.Over the 60 years studied,the annual precipitation of Yangchun oscillates periodically on a scale of around 15 years but its annual mean temperature does not vary with significant periods.