山区河流航标船系泊锚石系统失稳机制试验研究

Experimental study on instability mechanism of mooring anchor stone system of beacon vessel in mountainous rivers

山区河流具有水流湍急、流量与水位变幅较大等特点,常导致航标船失稳、移位以及漂移破坏等,给船舶航行造成重大安全隐患。选取长江上游典型事故河段,从锚石阻水面积、锚石质量、水深、流速以及缆绳角度等因素,开展航标船系泊锚石系统失稳机制试验研究。研究结果表明:从锚石形状角度,扁平锚石具有重心低、底面积大和阻水面积小的优势,相比于同质量的方形锚石具有更强的稳定性和极限拉力;从水流和缆绳角度,随着弗劳德数和缆绳角度的增加,航标船系泊锚石系统稳定性越差,其中缆绳角度越小其稳定性越好;提出极限拉力与水深、流速及缆绳角度等因素的关系式。为山区河流航标船系泊锚石结构布置提供理论支撑。

Mountainous rivers have the characteristics of rapid flow and large variation of flow&water level,which often lead to instability,displacement,and drift damage of the beacon vessel,becoming a threat to the beacon vessel.Selecting the typical accident section of the upper reaches of the Yangtze River,we carry out the experimental study on the instability mechanism of the beacon vessel and anchor stone system from the aspects of the water-resistance area of anchor stone,the weight of anchor stone,water depth,velocity,and cable angle.The results show that from the perspective of the anchor stone s shape,the flat anchor stone has the advantages of low gravity center,large bottom area,and small water-resistance area,and has better stability and ultimate tension than the square anchor stone of the same weight.From water flow and ropes,with the increase of Froude number and cable angle,the stability of the beacon vessel and anchor stone system is worse.The smaller cable angle will lead to better stability.The empirical formulae between the ultimate tension,water depth,velocity,and cable angle are presented,which provide theoretical support for the layout of the river beacon vessel and anchor stone system of mountainous rives.