泰山羊氏考释四题

The Textual Research of the Yang Clan in Taishan Prefecture

东汉南阳太守、泰山羊续有三子,即羊秘、羊衜、羊耽,羊欣是羊秘一支;羊祉和羊烈是羊耽一支;而泰山羊氏与陈留蔡氏的姻亲关系涉及羊衜一支。在羊欣一支的家族世系之考辨中叙羊秘至羊欣六世,其中人物秉承羊氏一族的文化传统,多因简静、见识、才艺、忠孝而有世誉令名。后世每以“婢学夫人”讥讽羊欣书法,其实,羊欣这种贵族的、保守主义的创作实践,有其家族文化传统的制约,同时,也未尝不是一种对家族文化的持守。而这种家族性文化持守的书学,在魏晋南北朝时期,似是一种主流。在对《羊烈墓志》和《魏书》诸羊氏传的考证中,应依《羊烈墓志》断羊烈是羊琇的九世孙,《魏书》说羊祉为羊琇七世孙应误。考察陈留蔡氏与太山羊氏的姻亲关系,羊衜续娶蔡氏,或在建安十三年之后;蔡氏嫁入羊家该二十余岁。

Taishan Yang(羊)Xu,Nanyang Prefect(an official in feudal China)in the Eastern Han Dynasty,had three sons,namely Yang Mi,Yang Dao and Yang Dan.Yang Xin is the branch of Yang Mi;Yang Zhi and Yang Lie are the same branch of Yang Dan.The relationship between Yang family in Taishan prefecture and Cai family in Chenliu prefecture(around present-day Kaifeng,He'nan)is related to a branch of Yang Dao.In this paper,the family lineage of the Yangxin branch is studied and described to the sixth generation of Yangxin,in which the characters inherit the cultural tradition of the Yang clan and are famous for their simplicity,insight,talent,loyalty and filial piety.Later generations often ridicule Yang Xin's calligraphy with"imitating deliberately,still writing dissimilarly".This paper holds that Yang Xin's noble and conservative creative practice is restricted by his family cultural tradition.And at the same time,it is also a kind of adherence to the family culture.In the Wei-Jin southern and Northern Dynasties,this kind of family culture of calligraphy seemed to be a mainstream.In addition,in the textual research of the biographies of Yang clan in the Epitaph of Yang Lie and the Book of Wei,it is considered that Yang Lie is the ninth grandson of Yang Xiu according to the Epitaph of Yang Lie,and it is wrong to say that Yang Zhi is the seventh grandson of Yang Xiu in the Book of Wei.When it comes to the relationship between ChenliuCaiclan and Taishan Yang clan,the conclusion is that Yang Dao married Cai family after the death of his first wife,or after the 13th year of Jian'an(the reign period of emperor Liu Xie from January 196 to March 220);Cai married into the Yang family should be more than 20 years old.