罗尔斯与哈耶克社会正义理论比较研究

The Comparative Study of Rawls's and Hayek's Social Justice Theory

正义问题是当代政治哲学的重点问题之一。20世纪的政治思想家罗尔斯和哈耶克分别就“社会正义”形成了各自独特的观点。罗尔斯社会正义理论预设了对人类理性的假定和明确的正义原则,反对古典功利主义式的福利国家政策,其理论有很强的建构主义色彩;哈耶克对社会正义观的批判则预设了对人的无知和经验主义的解释,为保障个人自由而反对福利国家政策,其理论具有很强的反建构主义色彩。两者都强调原则和规则的抽象性,这反映出两者对社会本身复杂性的正视。

The issue of justice is one of the key issues of contemporary political philosophy.Two important political thinkers in the twentieth century,Rawls and Hayek,respectively formed their own unique views on"social justice".On the one hand,Rawls'theory of social justice presupposes assumptions about human rationality and clear principles of justice,and opposes classical utilitarian welfare state policies.Its theory has a strong constructivism color;Hayek's critical view of social justice presupposes an ignorant and empirical explanation of people.He opposes welfare state policies to protect individual freedom,and his theory has a strong anti-constructivism color.But on the other hand,both emphasize the principles and the abstraction of rules,which reflects their recognition of the complexity of society itself.