“一带一路”倡议下中国口岸出入境货运量的时空格局演变探究

Spatiotemporal Evolution Analysis of China′s Ports Import and Export Freight Volume under the " Belt and Road Initiative"

口岸作为国家指定的对外开放门户,承担着国与国之间货物运输和人员往来的重要功能。"一带一路"倡议的实施促进了我国口岸的发展,带动了口岸经济与区域经济的发展,反过来进一步加强了与"一带一路"沿线国家的合作。本文利用口岸运行指标中的出入境货运量数据,借助探索性空间数据分析方法,对我国2011—2017年31个省(区、市)的口岸出入境货运量的时空格局进行分析。结果表明:"一带一路"倡议提出后,尤其是2015年后,我国口岸出入境货运总量呈现快速增长态势且存在显著的空间正相关性;三类口岸(水运、陆运和空运口岸)中,水运口岸存在更显著的、更强的空间相关性;各类口岸出入境货运量中,东部沿海地区水运呈现正向空间集聚现象,西部沿边地区陆运呈现极化现象。此外,本文对全国31个省(区、市)的地区货运总量也进行了空间动态分析,发现也存在空间相关性,且集聚效应在"一带一路"倡议提出后不断增强。在此基础上,为了更好地服务于"一带一路"建设,本文提出了提升各类口岸运输能力的相关对策建议。

As the gateway designated by the government for the purpose of opening to the outside world, the ports play the important role of cargo transportation and personnel exchange. The "Belt and Road Initiative" has driven the development of ports, ports economics and regional economics, which has further enhanced the cooperation with the countries along the "Belt and Road". Based on the import and export freight volume dataone of the indicators of port operation, this article uses the exploratory spatial data analysis(ESDA) approach to analyze the spatial and temporal pattern of port import and export freight volume in 31 provinces in China from 2011 to 2017. Results show that:After the proposal of the "Belt and Road Initiative", especially after the year 2015, the total volume of import and export freight at ports in China has kept rapid growth and presented significant and positive spatial correlations;Among the three types of ports(waterway, land and air ports), waterway ports have more significant and stronger spatial correlation;After the proposal of the "Belt and Road Initiative", among the import and export freight volume of several types of ports, the waterway ports in the eastern costal area present a polarization phenomenon and the land ports show positive spatial agglomeration in the western border areas. This article also conducts a spatial dynamic analysis of the total freight volume of 31 provinces in China, which finds the existing spatial correlation and the combined effect is becoming stronger and stronger after the proposal of the "Belt and Road Initiative". Based on these, to better serve the "Belt and Road Initiative", this study puts forward some countermeasures and suggestions for the coordinated development of ports and regions.