不确定概念的确定化--民间习惯对权力的可能制约

Determination of the Concept of Uncertainty:Basing on the Possible Contribution of Folk Customs

当代中国正处于社会转型期,流变的事物必然致使秉持相对稳定性的法律顾此失彼。克服法律捉襟见肘的尴尬难题之立法策略,应当是在立法中大量使用不确定概念。不确定性是不确定概念的原生属性,只有一个价值框架,内涵与外延都十分不确定,可以最大限度地涵盖变动不居的客观事物。正因如此,不确定概念赋予公共权力较大的裁量空间,官员可以根据具体情况进行较大的自由裁决。但其负面效果可能是对公众权利的戕害。因此,应该从立法角度将适用不确定概念的举证责任配置给公共权力,并加大其论证比重。但仅据此并不能解决公共权力的任性,在司法过程中,法官应当在一定条件下引入民间习惯遏制公共权力,适度平衡权力与权利,可能是一种比较合理的司法策略。

Contemporary China is in the period of social transformation,and everything is in the process of change.This is incompatible with the relative stability required by the law,because the law cannot be changed all the time.To overcome the dilemma of deviation between social facts and laws,we must use the concept of uncertainty in large quantities,because the concept of uncertainty has only one value framework,and its connotation and extension are very uncertain,which can cover the objective objects that can change to the maximum extent.For this reason,the concept of uncertainty also gives the public power a large discretionary space,so that it can make discretionary decisions according to specific circumstances.However,this is very likely to cause harm to public rights.Therefore,in the judicial process,the judge should allocate the burden of proof to the public power,but this can’t fundamentally solve the willfulness of the public power.Therefore,in the process of applying the concept of uncertainty,it may be a reasonable method to introduce folk customs to curb public power and balance power and rights moderately.However,the application of folk customs here must be limited.