临沂基地不同食药用菌中6种金属元素的ICP-MS检测

ICP-MS detection of six metal element in different edible&medicinal mushrooms from a cultivation base of Linyi

为探究同一基地不同食药用菌子实体及同一食药用菌不同部位的金属元素富集情况,以为食药用菌栽培品种选择、安全性评价及富硒(锌)产品开发提供科学依据,采用电感耦合等离子体质谱分析结合微波消解法,检测临沂某基地的包括灵芝、茯苓、蛹虫草在内的10种食药用菌新鲜子实体及其栽培基质中6种金属元素含量及富集系数。As、Cd、Pb、Cu 4种限量重金属的综合污染指数结果显示,该基地存在一定重金属污染的品种有香菇、凤尾菇、姬松茸和蛹虫草;10个品种中,对As富集系数最高值出现在凤尾菇组(BCF=33.7652),姬松茸则表现出对Cd有较强富集能力(BCF=10.0312),蛹虫草对Pb的BCF值达11.9324,而姬松茸对Cu的BCF值为6.0090。子实体中Zn含量最高值出现在蛹虫草组(145.722±2.574 mg/kg),而Se最高值出现在猴头菇组(0.420±0.021 mg/kg);猴头菇组对Zn的BCF值最高,为3.6535,而对Se富集能力最强的是蛹虫草。灵芝中3种限量重金属含量分布规律均为菌柄>菌盖皮>菌肉层(As除外,菌肉层>菌柄>菌盖皮),茯苓皮中4种限量重金属含量均显著高于茯苓块(P<0.05),凤尾菇中5种重金属含量分布规律均为菌盖>菌柄。表明不同种类或同一子实体不同部位中,金属含量和富集系数都存在较大差异。

To investigate the contents and bio-enrichment ability of metallic elements from different edible&medicinal mushrooms or different parts of the same edible&medicinal mushroom,inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry(ICP-MS)with microwave digestion was used to test the contents and bio-enrichment coefficients(BCF)of six metallic elements from ten edible&medicinal mushrooms from a cultivation of Linyi,e.x Ganoderma lingzhi,Poria coccus&Cordyceps militaris.The results of composite pollution index showed that,about the four limited heavy metals,Cordyceps militaris,Agaricus blazei,Lentinula edodes and Pleurotus sajor-caju had been polluted by heavy metal;in ten edible&medicinal mushrooms,Pleurotus sajor-caju had the strong enrichment ability for As(BCF=33.7652),Agaricus blazei for Cd(BCF=10.0312),Cordyceps militaris for Pb(BCF=11.9324)and Agaricus blazei for Cu(BCF was 6.0090).As for Zn and Se,Cordyceps militaris had highest contents of Zn(145.722±2.574 mg/kg)and strong enrichment ability for Se.Hericium erinaceus had highest contents of Se(0.420±0.021 mg/kg)and strong enrichment ability for Zn(BCF=3.6535).Especially,the distribution rules for the contents of 3 limited heavy metals was stipe>pileus skin>context tissue in G.lingzhi(Except As,context tissue>stipe>pileus skin).The contents of 4 limited heavy metals in context tissue peeled were far much higher than those in peel of P.coccus(P<0.05).And the distribution rules for the contents of 5 metal elements was pileus>stipein in P.sajor-caju.This indicated that there were certain differences in contents and BCF from different edible&medicinal mushrooms or different parts of the same edible&medicinal mushroom,which provided scientific basis for cultivation species selection,safety evaluation for edible&medicinal mushrooms and development of Se-enriched(or Zn-enriched)mushrooms products.