小黄花茶种子特性及种群生态特征的研究

Study on Seed Characteristics and Population Ecological Characteristics of Camellia luteoflora

本研究调查了小黄花茶(Camellia luteoflora Li ex Chang)原生生境的种子特征及散布方式,测试了在不同贮藏条件、层积时间及播种处理下的种子萌发特性,研究了小黄花茶的种群生态特征。结果表明,在野外调查样地中,观音岩、神女瀑、黄泥沟、桫椤王瀑布、石缸岩等5个样地的小黄花茶均为随机分布,荃茶窝荡则为集群分布,各个样地的种子千粒重均无明显差异,分别为2354.88 g、2337.13 g、2483.13 g、2540.50 g、2494.25 g、2488.13 g。6个样地小黄花茶的种子活力差异不显著,种子空壳率、病虫害发生率占比高,有萌发活力的种子仅占60.00%~70.00%。经过不同试验处理发现,小黄花茶种子发芽率随着温度、湿度的提高而不断增加。在温度和光照相似的处理情况下,小黄花茶种子的发芽率、发芽势随着层积时间的延长而增加。6个实验样地调查结果显示,仅有P 3实验样地种群表现为增长型,P 1、P 4、P 5属于稳定型种群,P 2、P 6种群则属于衰退型种群,小黄花茶在长期环境压力下导致的种群衰退是其物种濒危的主要原因之一。

In this study,we investigated the seed characteristics and dispersal patterns of Camellia luteoflora Li ex Chang in the native habitat,seed germination characteristics under different storage conditions,stratification time and seeding treatments were detected,and population ecological characteristics of C.luteoflora were also studied.The results showed that the distribution of C.luteoflora was random distribution in Guanyinyan,Shennvpu,Huangnigou,Suoluowang Waterfall and Shigangyan,while the distribution of C.luteoflora in Quanchawodang was clustered distribution.And,there was no significant difference in the 1000-seed weight of seeds in each plot,which were 2354.88 g,2337.13 g,2483.13 g,2540.50 g,2494.25 g and 2488.13 g,respectively.There was no significant difference in seed vigor of C.luteoflora seeds among the six plots,but the percentage of empty seed shell and incidence of diseases and insect pests was high,and only 60.00%—70.00%of seeds with germinating vigor were found.Through different experiments,it was found that the germination rate of C.luteoflora seeds increased with the increase of temperature and humidity.Under the same temperature and light conditions,the germination rate and germination potential of the seeds of C.luteoflora increased with the extension of stratification time.Additionally,the results of 6 experimental plots indicated that only the P 3 population showed an increasing pattern,and P 1,P 4 and P 5 populations were stable while P 2 and P 6 populations were declining.Population decline caused by long-term environmental pressure was the main reason for the endangered species of C.luteoflora.